Biological Mechanisms Underlying the Ultraviolet Radiation-Induced Formation of Skin Wrinkling and Sagging I: Reduced Skin Elasticity, Highly Associated with Enhanced Dermal Elastase Activity, Triggers Wrinkling and Sagging

Abstract

The repetitive exposure of skin to ultraviolet B (UVB) preferentially elicits wrinkling while ultraviolet A (UVA) predominantly elicits sagging. In chronically UVB or UVA-exposed rat skin there is a similar tortuous deformation of elastic fibers together with decreased skin elasticity, whose magnitudes are greater in UVB-exposed skin than in UVA-exposed skin. Comparison of skin elasticity with the activity of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) in the dermis of ovariectomized rats after UVB or UVA irradiation demonstrates that skin elasticity is more significantly decreased in ovariectomized rats than in sham-operated rats, which is accompanied by a reciprocal increase in elastase activity but not in the activities of collagenases I or IV. Clinical studies using animal skin and human facial skin demonstrated that topical treatment with a specific inhibitor or an inhibitory extract of skin fibroblast-derived elastase distinctly attenuates UVB and sunlight-induced formation of wrinkling. Our results strongly indicated that the upregulated activity of skin fibroblast-derived elastase plays a pivotal role in wrinkling and/or sagging of the skin via the impairment of elastic fiber configuration and the subsequent loss of skin elasticity.

Skin Protective Effects of Nannochloropsis gaditana Extract on H2O2-Stressed Human Dermal Fibroblasts

“…On the other hand, elastase enzymatically breaks down elastins fibers, that together with collagen, are responsible for the mechanical properties of connective tissue (Antonicelli et al, 2007). In addition, Imokawa and Ishida (2015) demonstrated that both skin-aging and antiwrinkle effects are significantly correlated with decreased elastase activity. Because of the specific role of elastase in the inflammatory process, its inhibition by NannoG encourages its use in cosmetic products for irritated, reactive and/or senescent epidermis (Henriksen, 2014).…”

Correlating the Anti – Aging Activity with the Bioactive Profile of Chlorella emersonii KJ725233; Its Toxicological Studies for a Potential use in Cosmeceuticals

“…1,8 The age dependent downregulation of skin elastic properties is not only attributed to a decreased synthesis of these proteins, but also to an upregulation of the corresponding proteinases. 26,27 Elastase, a member of the chymotrypsin family of serine proteinases is mainly responsible for the degradation of elastin. 7 Hyaluronic acid is degraded by another serine proteinase -hyaluronidase whereas collagenase a zinc containing matrix metalloproteinase hydrolyzes collagen.…”

Sistemas nanoestruturados contendo o óleo da polpa e da amêndoa da bocaiuva (<i>Acrocomia aculeata</i>) (Jacq.) Lodd. xx Mart.): preparação e caracterização físico-química

“…Existem muitas vias que conduzem ao fotoenvelhecimento e esses mecanismos ainda não são muito bem elucidados, porém, sabe-se que a formação de espécies reativas de oxigênio (radicais livres), a indução de metaloproteinases na matriz e o fato de crescimento (TGF-β) refletem aspectos centrais do envelhecimento da pele DOREN, 2015;PITTAYAPRUEK et al,2016;IMOKAWA & ISHIDA, 2015;NEWTON et al,2015;REHMAN, KONDO & SHIMIZU, 2015;TEWARI et al, 2014;LESIAK et al, 2016).…”

“…A matriz extracelular é composta principalmente de colágeno I e III, elastina, proteoglicanos e fibronectina. Na pele exposta à radiação UV, podese observar a desorganização das fibras de colágeno, aumento da produção de elastina com depósitos prejudiciais, diminuição da quantidade de colágenio I e III e a junção dermoepidérmica é achatada, além de sua função também ser afetada DOREN, 2015;PITTAYAPRUEK et al,2016;IMOKAWA & ISHIDA, 2015;NEWTON et al,2015;REHMAN, KONDO & SHIMIZU, 2015;TEWARI et al, 2014;LESIAK et al, 2016).…”

“…As metaloproteinases de matriz (MMPs) são enzimas proteolíticas que têm a capacidade para degradar o colágeno, fibras elásticas e outras proteínas localizadas dentro do tecido conjuntivo. A sua atividade biológica é modulada principalmente por inibidores tecidulares de metaloproteinases de matriz (TIMP) DOREN, 2015;PITTAYAPRUEK et al,2016;IMOKAWA & ISHIDA, 2015;NEWTON et al,2015;REHMAN, KONDO & SHIMIZU, 2015;TEWARI et al, 2014;LESIAK et al, 2016;HAAKE et al,2004) …”