Biological Management of the Root-knot Nematode on Strawberry in Egypt

Abstract

The effect of commercial biocontrol products viz. Nemakill, Nemaless, Micronema as well as an Egyptian entomopathogenic nematode (EPN) strain of Heterorhabditis bacteriophora-infective juveniles (IJs) within either cadavers of Galleria mellonella last instar larvae or EPN-IJs in water suspension, compared to chemical nematicides of Nema Plus Zero and Oxamyl on Meloidogyne incognita developmental parameters, strawberry growth and yield and rhizosphere microbial community were determined in two separated field experiments. Six months after strawberry transplanting, 30-88% reduction in nematode juveniles (J 2) in soil was achieved by Nemakill, Nemaless and Micronema, while reduction range was 37-64% by EPNs compared to 64-73%, by chemicals. The commercial products followed by EPNs significantly reduced the numbers of M. incognita-J 2 , galls, and egg masses in strawberry roots. All treatments enhanced strawberry growth and yield parameters. Nemakill followed by EPNs in water and within insect gave best fruit yield of strawberry cv. Festival. Nemaless followed by Nemakill and Micronema gave best fruit yield of strawberry cv. Fertona. Effect of tested treatments on rhizosphere microbial community and mycoflora frequency in treated strawberry plants was presented and discussed.

Bacterial Community Structure Dynamics in Meloidogyne incognita -Infected Roots and Its Role in Worm-Microbiome Interactions

“…The interaction between the virulence of M. incognita and the microbial diversity in the various niches M. incognita occupy has been studied in the context of biological control, revealing complex relationships, which efficacy diminishes with the transfer from lab to field ( 20 ). In this field of research, common themes include the isolation of Meloidogyne pathogens from the cuticles of J2s ( 21 – 23 ) and the identification of soil microbes and bacterial volatile compounds with antagonistic effects ( 24 , 25 ) from key taxa, including Rhizobia ( 26 ), Trichoderma and Pseudomonas ( 27 , 28 ), Pasteuria ( 29 ), Pochonia ( 30 , 31 ), and some mycorrhiza ( 31 – 33 ).…”

The bacterial community structure dynamics inMeloidogyne incognitainfected roots and its role in worm-microbiome interactions

“…To study the temporal dynamics of the bacterial community in the rhizosphere, the roots, galls and J2s in infected eggplants, we sampled these four niches from 20…”

“…The interaction of M. incognita virulence and microbial taxa in the various niches they occupy, have been studied in the context of biological control, revealing complex relationships, which efficacy diminishes with the transfer from lab to field [20] . Common themes in this line of research include the isolation of Meloidogyne pathogens from the cuticle of second stage juveniles (J2) [21][22][23] , or the identification of soil microbes and bacterial volatile compounds with antagonistic effects [24,25] , key taxa including Rhizobia [26] , Trichoderma and Pseudomonas [27,28] , Pasteuria [29] , Pochonia [30,31] and some mycorrhiza [31][32][33] .…”

Field Application of Trichoderma spp. for Controlling the Root- Knot Nematode, Meloidogyne javanica in Peanut Plants

“…The inoculated plates were incubated at 30 o C ±2 for 7 days and then the count of the resulting fungi was recorded. Then, the total microbial counts, as Log10 CFU/10g soil, were recorded as averages of microbial count atthree above sampling periods (Hammam et al, 2019).…”