Abstract. Emperipolesis of hematopoietic cells within megakaryocytes was found in rats. The incidence was less than 0.3% in young rats (2 to 12 months old) but increased to 2-5% among the aging rats (1 8 to 24 months old). The incidence increased markedly in hyperplastic bone marrow secondary to chronic suppurative or neoplastic lesions. Mature neutrophils appeared to be the most common marrow cell engulfed by megakaryocytes. By light microscopy, engulfed cells were separated from megakaryocyte cytoplasm by a narrow pencellular space. By electron microscopy, marrow cells engulfed by megakaryocytes were located in the open canalicular system. Cell membranes of both engulfed cells and megakaryocytes were intact, and there was no fusion of cell membranes or phagosome formation in the megakaryocytes.Emperipolesis, a word of Greek derivation, was defined as "the active penetration of one cell by another which remains intact" by Humble et al.4 It differs from phagocytosis in that an engulfed cell only temporarily exists within another cell and remains viable with intact normal structure. Emperipolesis has been recognized in association with human lymphocyte^,^ tumor cells, Sternberg-Reed cells, and r n e g a k a r y~c y t e s .~~~~~~~ Recently, Chiu2 described briefly the light microscopic observation of megakaryocytes containing marrow cells in rats that had been used for toxicity or chemical carcinogenicity testing. Under experimental conditions, megakaryoblasts or leukemic blast cells containing blood cells were observed incidentally in bone marrow of rats with experimentally induced-myelogenous leukemia.6 Megakaryocytic emperipolesis was also observed in bone marrow of rats under experimentally induced-blood loss. l o Since little information is available about the diagnostic significance or ultrastructure of spontaneously occurring megakaryocytic emperipolesis in animals, ultrastructural observations of this phenomenon in the bone marrow of rats are described.
Materials and Methods
AnimalsIn addition to 435 male and 148 female rats (Crl : CDBR) from 2 to 12 months old, 456 male and 467 female rats between 18 and 24 months old were selected at random to study megakaryocytic emperipolesis. These rats were used in experiments to evaluate the safety of chemicals between 1980 and 1987 at Haskell Laboratory, but hematopoietic organs of these rats were not affected by any of the compounds tested. The rats were obtained from a commercial breeder (Charles River Breeding Laboratories, Wilmington, MA and Kingston, NY), were housed in suspended stainless steel cages, and were fed a basic diet of ground Purina Laboratory Chow (Ralston Purina Co., St. Louis, MO). Some rats also received 1% corn oil that was added as a vehicle in selected studies. Food and water were provided ad libitum in climate controlled rooms (23 ? 2 C, 50% f 20 relative humidity). Animal rooms were maintained on a timer-controlled, 12 hour light/l2 hour dark cycle.
Tissue preparationAfter rats were killed by chloroform euthanasia, two sternebrae from each...