Biological Induction of Systemic Acquired Resistance in<i>Arabidopsis</i>

Uknes, Scott; Winter, Alexander; Delaney, Terrence P.; Vernooij, Bernard; Morse, Alison M.; Friedrich, Leslie; Nye, Gordon; Potter, Sharon; Ward, Eric; Ryals, John

doi:10.1094/mpmi-6-692

Cited by 239 publications

(156 citation statements)

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“…Initially, the leve1 of SA was found to increase by severa1 hundred-fold in tobacco or cucumber after pathogen infection, and this increase was shown to correlate with SAR (Malamy et al, 1990;Métraux et al, 1990;Rasmussen et al, 1991). Since these reports, a considerable amount of data has established a correlation between the concentration of SA and the establishment of enhanced disease resistance not only in tobacco and cucumber but in other plants as well (Malamy et al, 1990;Métraux et al, 1990;Rasmussen et al, 1991;Dempsey et al, 1993;Uknes et al, 1993;Yalpani et al, 1993b;Cameron et al, 1994). These data, coupled with the finding that exogenous SA can induce SAR (White, 1979;Ward et al, 1991;Vernooij et al, 1995) and SAR gene expression Uknes et al, 1992), led to the suggestion that SA was involved in SAR signaling.…”

Section: Sar Signal Transductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Systemic Acquired Resistance.

et al. 1996

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Section: Sar Signal Transductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Systemic Acquired Resistance.

et al. 1996

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“…SA and SA conjugates were extracted and analyzed as described (Uknes et al, 1993). In brief, 0.5 g of tissue was ground in liquid nitrogen, extracted with 3 mL of 90% (v/v) methanol followed by 2 mL of 100% (v/v) methanol.…”

Section: Sa Determinationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multiple Hormones Act Sequentially to Mediate a Susceptible Tomato Pathogen Defense Response

et al. 2003

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Phytohormones regulate plant responses to a wide range of biotic and abiotic stresses. How a limited number of hormones differentially mediate individual stress responses is not understood. We have used one such response, the compatible interaction of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) and Xanthomonas campestris pv vesicatoria (Xcv), to examine the interactions of jasmonic acid (JA), ethylene, and salicylic acid (SA). The role of JA was assessed using an antisense allene oxide cyclase transgenic line and the def1 mutant to suppress Xcv-induced biosynthesis of jasmonates. Xcv growth was limited in these lines as was subsequent disease symptom development. No increase in JA was detected before the onset of terminal necrosis. The lack of a detectable increase in JA may indicate that an oxylipin other than JA regulates basal resistance and symptom proliferation. Alternatively, there may be an increase in sensitivity to JA or related compounds following infection. Hormone measurements showed that the oxylipin signal must precede subsequent increases in ethylene and SA accumulation. Tomato thus actively regulates the Xcv-induced disease response via the sequential action of at least three hormones, promoting expansive cell death of its own tissue. This sequential action of jasmonate, ethylene, and SA in disease symptom development is different from the hormone interactions observed in many other plant-pathogen interactions.

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“…SAR can be induced by the exogenous application of SA (White, 1979) or by chemicals, such as 2,6-dichloroisonicotinic acid (INA; Métraux et al, 1991) or benzo( 1,2,3)t hiad iazole-7-carbot hioc acid S-met h yl ester (Gorlach et al, 1996), that are functional analogs of SA. Elevation of endogenous SA levels has been found near lesion sites during an HR and subsequently in systemic tissues, accompanying the onset of SAR (Malamy et al, 1990(Malamy et al, , 1992Métraux et al, 1990;Rasmussen et al, 1991;Yalpani et al, 1991;Enyedi et al, 1992;Uknes et al, 1993). In addition, transgenic tobacco and Arabidopsis plants expressing nahG, a bacterial gene encoding salicylate hydroxylase (which converts SA to catechol; You et al, 1991), can neither accumulate significant levels of SA nor induce PR gene transcription or SAR in response to pathogen invasion .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%