Biological Impact of Metformin Versus Thiazolidinedione on Alveolar Bone of Induced Diabetic Rats (A Histological and Immuno-Histomorphometric Study).

Abstract

Objective: To evaluate how the most currently used anti-diabetic drugs (pioglitazone & metformin) can secondarily affect diabetic alveolar bone. Materials and methods: 70 adult male rats (170-200 g) were obtained. Diabetes was induced in 60 animals by intraperitoneal administration of nicotinamide (NA) (270 mg/kg) 15 min before IV administration of STZ (65 mg/kg). The rats were divided into four groups: Control; Group (I): composed of 10 rats without diabetes. Experimental groups; Group (II) composed of 20 diabetic rats. Group (III): 20 diabetic rats received pioglitazone (4 mg/kg/day). Group (IV): composed of 20 diabetic rats received metformin (250 mg/kg/day). By the end of the experimental period (4 weeks), all rats were sacrificed. The mandibles specimens were processed for histological examination and immunostained by Osteoprotogrin for immunohistomorphometry. Results: The histological results in (group IV) revealed minimal osteoporotic features of alveolar bone in relation to (group III) that showed an obvious deterioration of the alveolar bone. Immunohistochemical results showed mild to strong stained areas in group (IV) and negative immune-stain for all regions except for few areas appeared with very mild stain in group (III). Statistical analysis revealed that no significant difference between group I and group IV. Moreover, the difference between group IV and groups II and III was significant. Conclusion: Our result stands as a source of data regarding the in vivo superior influence of anti-diabetic drug Metformin versus Thiazolidinedione (Pioglitazone) on diabetic alveolar bone health by its inhibitory effect on diabetic bone loss.Copy Right, IJAR, 2017,. All rights reserved.