Biological Functions and Analytical Strategies of Sialic Acids in Tumor

Abstract

Sialic acids, a subset of nine carbon acidic sugars, often exist as the terminal sugars of glycans on either glycoproteins or glycolipids on the cell surface. Sialic acids play important roles in many physiological and pathological processes via carbohydrate-protein interactions, including cell–cell communication, bacterial and viral infections. In particular, hypersialylation in tumors, as well as their roles in tumor growth and metastasis, have been widely described. Recent studies have indicated that the aberrant sialylation is a vital way for tumor cells to escape immune surveillance and keep malignance. In this article, we outline the present state of knowledge on the metabolic pathway of human sialic acids, the function of hypersialylation in tumors, as well as the recent labeling and analytical techniques for sialic acids. It is expected to offer a brief introduction of sialic acid metabolism and provide advanced analytical strategies in sialic acid studies.

Adenovirus Receptor Expression in Cancer and Its Multifaceted Role in Oncolytic Adenovirus Therapy

“…A receptor for several members of the human D species Ads are sialic acid (SA) residues. SA molecules consist of nine linked acidic sugars and are often attached to the end of glycans, glycoproteins, or glycolipids as a post-translational modification [ 53 ]. Synthesis of SA starts in the cytosol, from where the pre-SA is transferred to the nucleus.…”

Essential Oils and Their Main Chemical Components: The Past 20 Years of Preclinical Studies in Melanoma

“…Intraperitoneal administration of limonene and perillic acid remarkably reduced the experimental metastatic tumor nodule formation of C57BL/6 mice intravenously injected with B16-F10 cells and increased the life span of animals. Limonene and perillic acid treatment also induced an increased expression in lung tissues and an enhanced serum content of sialic acid and uronic acid, two biochemical markers playing important roles in tumor growth and metastasis, including cell-cell communication and tumor cell escape from immune surveillance [150,203,204]. An antimetastatic effect by α-pinene from Schinus terebinthifolius Raddi was reported when B16-F10-Nex2 cells were injected intravenously and C57BL/6 mice treated intraperitoneally [149].…”

Der Tumormarker Sialinsäure

“…Die vorliegende Übersicht über den Tumormarker Sialinsäure wird im Rahmen der Serie "Tumormarker" des Zentralblatts für Arbeitsmedizin, Arbeitsschutz und Ergonomie publiziert [4,51,53]. Diese basiert auf Grundlagen der "Recommendation European Group on Tumor Markers", der "S3-Leitlinie zur Diagnostik und Therapie des Mundhöhlenkarzinoms", den "Oral cavity and lip cancer: United Kingdom National Multidisciplinary Guidelines", des "Berichts zum Krebsgeschehen in Deutschland 2016 des Robert Koch-Instituts (ICD-10 Coo-C14)", der "Richtlinie 98/79/EG des Europäischen Parlaments" und des "Rates über In-vitro-Diagnostika" sowie der Neufassung der "Richtlinie der Bundesärztekammer zur Qualitätssicherung laboratoriumsmedizinischer Untersuchungen -Rili-BÄK" [4,12,16,36,41,52,53].…”

“…Weitere Einteilungen können anhand des Grades der Verhornung, der nukleären Polymorphismen, der zellulären Atypien und der mitotischen Aktivität vorgenommen werden. Außerdem werden auch die Tumordicke, die extrakapsuläre Ausbreitung und die Lymphknotenmetastasen in der Klassifikation berücksichtigt [22,30,36,53]. Zudem wird zwischen einer guten, einer moderaten und einer schlechten Differenzierung unterschieden [22,36].…”