Biological flora of New Zealand 7. Ripogonum scandens J. R. et G. Forst. (Smilacaceae) Supplejack, Kareao

Macmillan, B. H.

doi:10.1080/0028825x.1972.10430252

Cited by 19 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 26 publications

(11 reference statements)

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“…Ripogonum (7) (MACMILLAN 1972), deviates from the other genera in several characters. These include opposite leaves, lack of tendrils, bisexual flowers in spike-like inflorescences, non-confluent thecae, sulcate, reticulate pollen grains, anatropous ovules and starch-rich endosperm.…”

Section: Subfamily Ripogonoideaementioning

confidence: 96%

The Families of the Monocotyledons

Cronquist¹,

Dahlgren²,

Clifford³

et al. 1985

966

417

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Section: Subfamily Ripogonoideaementioning

confidence: 96%

The Families of the Monocotyledons

Cronquist¹,

Dahlgren²,

Clifford³

et al. 1985

966

417

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“…1). Collenchyma sheaths associated with the bundles and confluent around the periphery make the stems extremely durable and flexible (Macmillan 1972). Ripogonum is an unusual and distinctive feature of native New Zealand forest where its abundant, intertwining climbing stems often make travel on foot difficult.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…(Smilacaceae; supplejack, kareao), in contrast, is a monocotyledon with subterranean branching rhizomes and indeterminate, cataphyll-bearing, woody climbing stems up to 20mm in diameter and 20m or more in length. Vascular bundles are scattered, smaller at the periphery of the stem than in the centre, and usually contain two large collateral meta-xylem elements (Simpson & Philipson 1969;Macmillan 1972; Fig.1). Collenchyma sheaths associated with the bundles and confluent around the periphery make the stems extremely durable and flexible (Macmillan 1972).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Vascular bundles are scattered, smaller at the periphery of the stem than in the centre, and usually contain two large collateral meta-xylem elements (Simpson & Philipson 1969;Macmillan 1972; Fig.1). Collenchyma sheaths associated with the bundles and confluent around the periphery make the stems extremely durable and flexible (Macmillan 1972). Ripogonum is an unusual and distinctive feature of native New Zealand forest where its abundant, intertwining climbing stems often make travel on foot difficult.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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In vivo magnetic resonance imaging of xylem vessel contents in woody lianas

Clearwater

Clark

2003

Plant Cell & Environment

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Previous reports suggest that in some plant species the refilling of embolized xylem vessels can occur while negative pressure exists in the xylem. The aim of this experiment was to use non-destructive nuclear magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to study the dynamics of xylem cavitation and embolism repair in-vivo . Serial 1 H-MRI was used to monitor the contents of xylem vessels in stems of two dicotyledonous ( Actinidia deliciosa and Actinidia chinensis , kiwifruit) and one monocotyledonous ( Ripogonum scandens , supplejack) species of woody liana. The configuration of the horizontal wide bore magnet and probe allowed the imaging of woody stems up to 20mm in diameter. Tests using excised stems confirmed that the image resolution of 78 m m m m m and digital image subtraction could be used to detect the emptying and refilling of individual vessels. Imaging was conducted on both intact plants and excised shoots connected to a water supply. In the case of Ripogonum the excised shoots were long enough to allow the distal end of the shoot, including all leaves, to be exposed to ambient conditions outside the building while the proximal end was inside the MRI magnet. In total, six stems were monitored for 240h while the shoots were subjected to treatments that included light and dark periods, water stress followed by re-watering, and the covering of all leaves to prevent transpiration. The sudden emptying of water-filled vessels occurred frequently while xylem water potential was low (below ----0.5MPa for Actinidia , ----1.0MPa for Ripogonum ), and less frequently after xylem water potential approached zero at the end of water-stress treatments. No refilling of empty vessels was observed at any time in any of the species examined. It is concluded that embolism repair under negative pressure does not occur in the species examined here. Embolism repair may be more likely in species with narrower xylem vessels, but further experiments are required with other species before it can be concluded that repair during transpiration is a widespread phenomenon.

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“…These latter seeds are generally referred to as "recalcitrant" (Bewley & Black 1985). Although Fountain & Outred (1991) list a number of New Zealand native species that might have recalcitrant seeds, the only published experimental evidence of recalcitrance in native New Zealand species is for Dacrycarpus dacrydioides (Fountain et al 1989), although seeds of other native species, e.g., Dysoxlum spectabile (Court & Mitchell 1988), Coriaria sarmentosa (Burrows 1995a), and Ripogonum scandens (Macmillan 1972;Burrows 1996), show decreased viability on drying. Seeds of the native species Corynocarpus laevigatus (karaka), Griselinia littoralis (broadleaf), and Hoheria populnea (lacebark) were listed as possibly recalcitrant by Fountain & Outred (1991) and this paper examines their responses to experimental desiccation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

An investigation of recalcitrance in seeds of three native New Zealand tree species

Bannister

Bibby

Jameson

1996

New Zealand Journal of Botany

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Recalcitrance in seeds of three New Zealand native tree species (Corynocarpus laevigatus, Griselinia littoralis, Hoheria populnea) was investigated by examining the germination of fruits and seeds that were desiccated following collection.Seeds of Corynocarpus laevigatus and Griselinia littoralis that were allowed to dry in the laboratory showed the reduced percentages and rates of germination typical of recalcitrant seeds, but similarly treated seeds ofHoheria populnea germinated more rapidly and show no decrease in germination after desiccation. The water relations of Corynocarpus laevigatus fruits were examined in greater detail. The bulk of water loss (>50%) occurs in the flesh of the fruit while the fibrous endocarp presents a physical barrier not only to germination but also to both water uptake and loss by the embryo. The water content of embryos is conserved at the expense of the outer layers of the fruit, so that desiccation affects the germination of embryos from intact fruits less than that of either naked embryos or embryos from fruits lacking flesh.

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Biological flora of New Zealand 7. Ripogonum scandens J. R. et G. Forst. (Smilacaceae) Supplejack, Kareao

Abstract: This paper includes an account of the morphological development of Ripogonum scandens. information relevant to its ecology, a distribution map based on its presence or absence in grid squares. and bibliographic references to other information.

Cited by 19 publications

References 26 publications

The Families of the Monocotyledons

The Families of the Monocotyledons

In vivo magnetic resonance imaging of xylem vessel contents in woody lianas

An investigation of recalcitrance in seeds of three native New Zealand tree species

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