Biological Features Implies Potential Use of Autologous Adipose-Derived Stem/Progenitor Cells in Wound Repair and Regenerations for the Patients with Lipodystrophy

Abstract

A paradigm shift in plastic and reconstructive surgery is brought about the usage of cell-based therapies for wound healing and regeneration. Considering the imitations in the reconstructive surgeries in restoring tissue loss and deficiency, stem cell-based therapy, in particular, has been expected to pave the way for a new solution to the regenerative approaches. Limitations in the reconstructive surgeries in restoring tissue loss and deficiency have paved the way for new regenerative approaches. Among them, adipose-derived stem/progenitor cells (ADSCs)-based therapy could be the most promising clue, since ADSCs have pluripotent differentiation capabilities not only in adipocytes but also in a variety of cell types. Accumulating evidences have indicated that the unfavorable development of adipose-tissue damage, namely, lipodystrophy, is a systemic complication, which is closely related to metabolic abnormality. Considering ADSC-based regenerative medicine should be applied for the treatment of lipodystrophy, it is inevitable to ascertain whether the ADSCs obtained from the patients with lipodystrophy are capable of being used. It will be very promising and realistic if this concept is applied to lipoatrophy; one form of lipodystrophies that deteriorates the patients’ quality of life because of excessive loss of soft tissue in the exposed areas such as face and extremities. Since lipodystrophy is frequently observed in the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), the present study aims to examine the biological potentials of ADSCs isolated from the HIV-infected patients with lipodystrophy associated with the HAART treatment. Growth properties, adipogenic differentiation, and mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) production were examined in ADSCs from HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected patients. Our results clearly demonstrated that ADSCs from both patients showed indistinguishable growth properties and potentials for adipocyte differentiation in vitro. Thus, although the number of cases were limited, ADSCs isolated from the patients with lipodystrophy retain sufficient physiological and biological activity for the reconstitution of adipose-tissue, suggesting that ADSCs from the patients with lipodystrophy could be used for autologous ADSC-based regenerative therapy.

HIF-1α overexpression in adipose mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes ameliorate hypoxia-induced dysfunction and inflammation in HUVECs

“…Although the approved treatments for PAH have been improved, clinical prognosis of patients remain poor [28]. Accumulating studies have documented that ADSCs were originated from stromal-vascular fragments of adipose tissue and used for therapeutic application due to its pluripotent differentiation and immune tolerance [6,10]. In the present study, we observed that exosomes from ADSCs was able to improve hypoxia-induced PAH by regulating endothelial cells disorders and in ammation response.…”

“…Enormous attention has been focusing on the ADSCs due to the easy isolating procedure and a higher harvest rate than bone marrow [8,9]. Increasing evidence have shown that ADSCs has been proven to be useful for corneal wounds and regenerating non-healing cutaneous, cardiovascular disease [10,11]. Exosomes (exos) are vesicles with a size of 30-200 nm derived from the cell membrane of cells and released to the extracellular environment after fusion of multivesicular endosomes and plasma membranes under normal or pathological conditions [12][13][14].…”

Emerging Potential of Exosomes on Adipogenic Differentiation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells

“…Adipogenic differentiation is an important direction of MSCs differentiation which has attracted much attention in recent years. Adipogenic differentiation plays an important role in the regeneration of damaged organs and the repair of adipose tissue ( Zhao et al, 2017 ; Morissette Martin et al, 2018 ; Suzuki et al, 2019 ). Studies demonstrate that microRNAs and glucocorticoids are related with adipogenic differentiation ( Han et al, 2019 ; Lorente-Cebrian et al, 2019 ).…”

Direct Conversion of Human Fibroblasts into Adipocytes Using a Novel Small Molecular Compound: Implications for Regenerative Therapy for Adipose Tissue Defects

“…However, adverse events may occur due to the collection of ectopic fat tissue for use as donor cells, and it is not always possible to obtain sufficient autologous fat tissue safely to achieve good functional and cosmetic results. Patients with fat tissue atrophy may also show symptoms due to lack or reduction of adipocyte functions such as energy storage, cushioning of organs and thermoregulation, as well as endocrine and secretory functions [ 5 , 6 ]. Adipokines secreted from adipocytes play crucial roles in physiological responses, such as metabolic homeostasis, angiogenesis, and inflammatory and immune regulation [ 7 ].…”