Biological Factors Influencing Transmission of Trypanosoma rangeli by Rhodnius prolixus

Tobie, Eleanor Johnson

doi:10.2307/3276172

Cited by 32 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Only 13% of the insects infected orally that presented parasites in the intestinal tract had parasites infecting their salivary glands. This is in accordance with previously reported infection rates ranging between 2% and 50% (Añez et al, 1987;Groot, 1954;Hecker et al, 1990;Marinkelle, 1968;Tobie, 1965Tobie, , 1970. The mechanisms that prevent the passage of the parasite from the lumen of the midgut to the .…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

“…For those insects with a high parasitic load, however, the pathological effects became apparent quickly. Some classical studies that analysed the interaction between R. prolixus and T. rangeli described an infection-induced increase in the volume of haemolymph but did not quantify it (Grewal, 1957;Ormerod, 1967;Tobie, 1965;Watkins, 1971). Therefore, we evaluated whether this effect could be confirmed under our experimental conditions, i.e.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 61%

“…At present, investigation of this area is hindered by non-standardization of inoculation procedures, and by limited information available in studies concerning the sizes of parasite inocula used, in addition to the environmental conditions under which published assays were developed. These considerations, and the relevance of laboratory studies to understand natural infections, are of prime importance as T. rangeli does not always invade the haemocoel in the natural course of infection and natural infection rates can be low as 2% (Añez et al, 1987;Hecker et al, 1990;Tobie, 1965Tobie, , 1970. Therefore, the present work initially compared different infection methods in order to establish a procedure that could mimic natural infections.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

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A standardizable protocol for infection of Rhodnius prolixus with Trypanosoma rangeli, which mimics natural infections and reveals physiological effects of infection upon the insect

Ferreira¹,

Lorenzo²,

Elliot

et al. 2010

Journal of Invertebrate Pathology

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Trypanosoma rangeli is a protozoan parasite that shares hosts - mammals and triatomines - with Trypanosoma cruzi, the etiological agent of Chagas disease. Although T. rangeli is customarily considered to be non-pathogenic to human hosts, it is able to produce pathologies in its invertebrate hosts. However, advances are hindered by a lack of standardization of infection procedures and these pathologies need documentation. To establish a suitable, and standardizable, infection protocol, the duration of the fourth instar was evaluated in nymphs infected by injection into the thorax with different concentrations of parasites, and compared with nymphs infected naturally (i.e. orally). We demonstrate that delays in moult were attributable to the presence of the parasite in the haemolymph (vs. the gut) and propose that the protocol presented here simulates closely natural infections. This methodology was then used for the evaluation of physiological parameters and several hitherto unreported effects of T. rangeli infection on Rhodnius prolixus were revealed. Haemolymph volume was greater in infected than uninfected nymphs but this alteration could not be attributed to water retention, since infected insects lost the same amount of water as controls. However, we found that lipid content and fat body weight were both increased in insects infected by T. rangeli. We propose that this is due to the parasite's sequestration of host blood lipids and carrier proteins. With these findings, we have taken a few first steps to unravelling physiological details of the host-parasite interaction. We suggest future directions towards a fuller understanding of mechanistic and adaptive aspects of triatomine-trypanosomatid interactions.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 61%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

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A standardizable protocol for infection of Rhodnius prolixus with Trypanosoma rangeli, which mimics natural infections and reveals physiological effects of infection upon the insect

Ferreira¹,

Lorenzo²,

Elliot

et al. 2010

Journal of Invertebrate Pathology

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“…The author observed an increased amount of haemolymph and moulting deformities leading to high mortality. Other workers have confirmed different degrees of pathogenicity of T. rangeli for its vectors (Tobie 1964, 1965, Gomez 1967, Marinkelle 1968b, Watkins 1971a.…”

Section: Pathogenicity To the Insect Vectormentioning

confidence: 99%

Trypanosoma (Herpetosoma) rangeli Tejera, 1920: an updated review

Guhl

Vallejo

2003

Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz

142

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“…The presence of both parasites in the mammalian host can be detected by xenodiagnosis or immunological tests (Garnham 1980;Acosta et al 1991;Guhl et al 2002). In opposition to T. cruzi, T. rangeli causes a harmless infection in mammals, including man (Hoare 1972;D'Alessandro 1976), but induces pathological effects in the triatomine bugs, such as death of nymphs during the molting due to morphological abnormalities (Grewal 1957;Tobie 1965;An˜ez 1984).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Penetration of the salivary glands of Rhodnius domesticus Neiva & Pinto, 1923 (Hemiptera: Reduviidae) by Trypanosoma rangeli Tejera, 1920 (Protozoa: Kinetoplastida)

et al. 2005

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Penetration of the heteroxenous protozoan Trypanosoma rangeli into the salivary glands of its invertebrate host Rhodnius domesticus has been investigated here using different approaches. Electron microscopy showed that epimastigotes coming from the insect hemocoel cross the basal lamina that surrounds the salivary glands and penetrate through the gland cells cytoplasm. After reaching the gland lumen, epimastigote forms remain adhered to the gland cell microvilli by their flagella, while metacyclic trypomastigotes are found swimming free in the saliva. Analysis by flow cytometry, western blotting and hemolytic activity allowed to demonstrate the presence in T. rangeli of a hemolytic molecule with antigenic cross-reactivity with murine perforin, which could be used by the parasites to reach the salivary gland lumen. This molecule, which we named as rangelysin, has 120 kDa molecular weight, is able to induce hemolysis only in acidic pH, and is produced by both trypomastigote and epimastigote forms.

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Biological Factors Influencing Transmission of Trypanosoma rangeli by Rhodnius prolixus

Cited by 32 publications

References 6 publications

A standardizable protocol for infection of Rhodnius prolixus with Trypanosoma rangeli, which mimics natural infections and reveals physiological effects of infection upon the insect

A standardizable protocol for infection of Rhodnius prolixus with Trypanosoma rangeli, which mimics natural infections and reveals physiological effects of infection upon the insect

Trypanosoma (Herpetosoma) rangeli Tejera, 1920: an updated review

Penetration of the salivary glands of Rhodnius domesticus Neiva & Pinto, 1923 (Hemiptera: Reduviidae) by Trypanosoma rangeli Tejera, 1920 (Protozoa: Kinetoplastida)

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