Biological factors and consequences of pregnancy-related anxiety – What do we know so far?

Mikołajków, A; Małyszczak, Krzysztof

doi:10.12740/pp/144138

Cited by 4 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 129 publications

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“…Internalizing behaviors are characterized by presenting symptoms that develop toward the interior of the individual. In this sense, there are different biological factors (regulation of the HPA axis, thyroid function, and levels of oxytocin, prolactin, and progesterone) and socio-psychological factors (insufficient social support, unplanned pregnancy, lack of physical activity, and high stress level) that allow explaining the negative impact of pregnancy-related anxiety on the mother and her child (Mikolajkow & Małyszczak, 2022); moreover, this type of stress is associated with rumination behavior, particularly negative repetitive thoughts, which increase the anxiety (Hirsch et al, 2020).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High-risk pregnancy and its relationship with the neurodevelopment and behavior of 2-year-old children

Mariño-Narvaez,

Puertas-Gonzalez,

Romero-Gonzalez

et al. 2024

Dev Psychopathol

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High-risk pregnancies elevate maternal stress, impacting offspring neurodevelopment and behavior. This study, involving 112 participants, aimed to compare perceived stress, neurodevelopment, and behavior in high-risk and low-risk pregnancies. Two groups, high-risk and low-risk, were assessed during pregnancy for stress using hair cortisol and psychological analysis. At 24 months post-birth, their children’s neurodevelopment and behavior were evaluated. Results revealed higher perceived stress and pregnancy-related concerns in high-risk pregnancies, contrasting with low-risk pregnancies. Offspring from high-risk pregnancies displayed elevated internalizing behavior scores, while low-risk pregnancies showed higher externalizing behavior scores. Additionally, women in low-risk pregnancies exhibited increased cortisol concentrations 24 months post-delivery. These findings underscore the necessity for early stress detection and prevention programs during pregnancy, particularly in high-risk cases, to enhance maternal and infant health.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High-risk pregnancy and its relationship with the neurodevelopment and behavior of 2-year-old children

Mariño-Narvaez,

Puertas-Gonzalez,

Romero-Gonzalez

et al. 2024

Dev Psychopathol

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“…The authors of this questionnaire did not identify the cut-off point for the diagnosis of PrA. A Polish adaptation was used in the current study which was proven to have good validity and reliability [47]. c) The Maternal-Foetal Attachment Scale (MFAS) [48] -a 24item scale which measures the construct of maternal-foetal attachment during pregnancy.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Also, there are no formal screening protocols worldwide [43]. Even despite the growing interest in anxiety disorders in pregnancy, research in this field is still scarce [44]; for example, a large systematic review identified only one paper investigating the relationship between prenatal anxiety and vitamin D level [45].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The relationship between biological factors (vitamin D, prolactin, oxytocin, thyroid hormones) , Pregnancy-Related Anxiety and Maternal-Foetal Attachment

Mikolajkow,

Fuchs,

Malyszczak

2023

J Pre Clin Clin Res.

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Introduction and Objective. Pregnancy-Related Anxiety (PrA) is a common issue in pregnancy, which is distinctive from Generalized Anxiety Disorder. It has numerous negative outcomes for both mother and child. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between vitamin D, thyroid function, prolactin, oxytocin and Pregnancy-Related Anxiety, and to check for any correlations between anxiety levels and maternal-foetal bonding in pregnancy and postpartum. Materials and method. Seventy pregnant women participated in the study. The relationship was investigated between Pregnancy-Related Anxiety and biological factors and maternal-foetal attachment, using serum levels of vitamin D, TSH, prolactin, oxytocin, and scores of PRAQ-R2, MFAS and MORS questionnaires. Results. No significant association was found between vitamin D, oxytocin, prolactin, TSH and PrA. Weak positive correlations were found between own appearance subscale of PRAQ-R2 and mothers' perception of giving self subscale in MFAS. A weak positive correlation was also found between PRAQ-R2 and its' subscale concerning own appearance and MORS invasion subscale. Conclusions. Vitamin D, oxytocin, prolactin and thyroid function are believed to be associated with anxiety disorders. No such association was found. It might suggest that PrA is a distinctive disorder with other pathogenetic factors. Disorders of maternal-foetal attachment may be related to concerns about own appearance in pregnant women; therefore, this issue should be addressed early in pregnancy.

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“…5 During this period, the mother undergoes numerous physiological and psychological changes, such as fluctuations in hormone levels, morning sickness, nausea, as well as concerns about fetal health and the forthcoming maternal role. [6][7][8] These changes and pressures may lead to anxiety. The psychological state of a pregnant woman has significant implications for her own health and that of the fetus.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Anxiety is a common psychological state, particularly among women in the early to mid‐stages of pregnancy 5 . During this period, the mother undergoes numerous physiological and psychological changes, such as fluctuations in hormone levels, morning sickness, nausea, as well as concerns about fetal health and the forthcoming maternal role 6–8 . These changes and pressures may lead to anxiety.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An investigation into the correlation between early‐to‐mid pregnancy exercise combined with cognitive behavioral therapy and anxiety levels and quality of life in patients

Mei,

Chen,

Liu

et al. 2024

J of Obstet and Gynaecol

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ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to investigate the effects of exercise combined with cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) on anxiety and quality of life in pregnant women.MethodsThis study adopted a prospective randomized controlled trial design, and divided 60 pregnant women in the first and second trimesters into two groups. The control group received routine prenatal education, and the experimental group added moderate exercise and CBT on the basis of routine prenatal education. All participants completed the Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HARS) and World Health Organization Quality of Life‐BREF (WHOQOL‐BREF) at the start of the study (baseline) and at 6 weeks after the intervention.ResultsBaseline data, scores on HARS, and scores on WHOQOL‐BREF were found to be consistent among the two groups of patients prior to the intervention (all P > 0.05). Following the intervention, the implementation of exercise combined with CBT resulted in significant improvements in anxiety levels within the experimental group, particularly with respect to aspects such as anxious mood, tension, insomnia, cognitive function, cardiovascular symptoms, and gastrointestinal symptoms (all P < 0.05). Similarly, the combination of exercise and CBT led to significant enhancement in the quality of life in the experimental group, particularly in areas such as physical health, psychological health, and environmental factors (all P < 0.05). Nevertheless, no significant disparities were observed between the two groups in terms of fears, depressive mood, muscular and sensory somatic symptoms, respiratory symptoms, genitourinary symptoms, autonomic symptoms, behavior during the interview, and social relationships (all P > 0.05).ConclusionExercise combined with CBT can effectively reduce the anxiety of pregnant women and improve their quality of life, which has important clinical significance for improving the mental health and quality of life of pregnant women in the first and second trimesters.

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Biological factors and consequences of pregnancy-related anxiety – What do we know so far?

Cited by 4 publications

References 129 publications

High-risk pregnancy and its relationship with the neurodevelopment and behavior of 2-year-old children

High-risk pregnancy and its relationship with the neurodevelopment and behavior of 2-year-old children

The relationship between biological factors (vitamin D, prolactin, oxytocin, thyroid hormones) , Pregnancy-Related Anxiety and Maternal-Foetal Attachment

An investigation into the correlation between early‐to‐mid pregnancy exercise combined with cognitive behavioral therapy and anxiety levels and quality of life in patients

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