Biological Evaluation of Proteins

Allison, J. B.

doi:10.1016/s0065-3233(08)60585-9

Cited by 48 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 101 publications

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“…Additional measures of stress in studies of laboratory and natural populations of animals include the circulating levels of protein in the blood, which are thought to vary in relation to the total protein reserves in an animal (Allison 1955). Total plasma protein levels may also become elevated when dietary protein intake increases (Leveille & Sauberlich 1961) and, thus, indicate improved physiological condition in wild birds (Dawson & Bortolotti 1997a).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Growth, developmental stability and immune response in juvenile Japanese quails (Coturnix coturnix japonica)

Fair

Hansen

Ricklefs

1999

Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B

114

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Stresses are environmental factors which restrict growth or cause a potentially adverse change in an organism. The exposure of developing organisms to environmental stresses may have several physiological consequences including a decrease in immunocompetence. However, mounting an immune response against a foreign antigen may in itself constitute a cost for developing organisms. This cost has potentially long-term consequences for adult function and ¢tness. This study examines the growth and developmental stability of Japanese quail chicks challenged by three non-pathogenic antigens: sheep red blood cells, which assess T-cell-dependent immune responses, and Mycoplasma synoviae and Newcastle disease virus, which assess T-cell-independent responses. Increases in both body mass and wing length were signi¢cantly reduced in antigen-challenged birds compared to control birds. Fluctuating asymmetry (FA) in the masses of primary feathers increased from the innermost (1) to the outermost (10) position on the wing. In addition, antigen challenge by M. synoviae and sheep red blood cells was associated with an increase in FA. The cell-mediated response measured by reaction to phytohaemagglutinin was signi¢-cantly depressed in M. synoviae-challenged birds. White blood cell counts, except for monocytes, were elevated in response to all three antigen treatments. Total plasma protein and haematocrit also di¡ered between treatments but exhibited no clear relationship to antigen challenge. Immune responses clearly impose a stress on developing chicks. Additional research will be required to determine the long-term consequences of developmental stress and assess the selective forces that in£uence the strength of the immune responses of chicks.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Growth, developmental stability and immune response in juvenile Japanese quails (Coturnix coturnix japonica)

Fair

Hansen

Ricklefs

1999

Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B

114

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“…These are called the labile protein reserves, and upon them, according to Allison, depends the high plane of metabolism characteristic of a vigorous healthy organism. 3 The pool of body proteins may be likened to the following model, shown in Figure 2 Figure 2-The Pool of Body Proteins poor diets, we may be able to break the vicious circle of poor diet-low work output-low food production-poor diet and conceivably produce a large upsurge in the productivity of individuals and countries. If so, this would be the greatest economic incentive we could have for making strenuous efforts to improve protein efficiency.…”

Section: Nutritional Effects Of Low-efficiency Proteinsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Supplementation of Diets with Proteins and Amino Acids

Flodin¹

1958

Am J Public Health Nations Health

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“…Additional measures of stress in studies of laboratory and natural populations of animals include circulating levels of protein in the blood which are thought to vary in relation to total protein reserves in an animal (Allison 1955). Total plasma protein levels also may become elevated when dietary protein intake increases (Leveille and Sauberlich 1961) and thus indicate improved physiological condition in wild birds (Dawson and Bortolotti 1997).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Physiological, Growth, and Immune Responses of Japanese Quail Chicks to the Multiple Stressors of Immunological Challenge and Lead Shot

Fair

2002

Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology

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Abstract. Exposure to the combination of a contaminant and an immunological challenge during development may greatly increase the impact of either or both of these stressors on an individual. This study investigated the interacting effects of a nonpathogenic immunological challenge and lead shot exposure early in the development of a precocial species. Seventyone quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica) chicks orally received either one #9 lead shot (0.05 g), four lead shots (0.2 g), or no lead at the age of 8 days. A third of each of these groups of chicks were intraperitoneally injected with either 0.075 ml of 10% chukar (Alectoris graeca) red blood cells (CRBCs), Newcastle disease virus (NDV), or a placebo oil vaccine at 13 and 35 days of age. There was no difference in the survival between any of the lead or antigen treatment groups. Lead concentrations in blood were greater for the lead-dosed groups on day 49 but not on day 128. Growth curves were approximated by Weibull functions; growth parameters did not differ between lead-treated and antigen-treated birds. CRBC antigen increases fluctuating asymmetry (FA) for primary feather five, while NDV reduced FA. Lead did not affect antibody production or cell-mediated immune response. White blood cell numbers increased 7 days after antigen injection on days 27 and 49 of age. Granulocyte numbers were significantly higher for the lead-treated quail than the control quail, and both antigentreated groups had lower granulocyte numbers than control quail. The treatment groups of combining NDV and lead shot had an average plasma protein 14% lower than other groups. Lead shot in the highest of these doses lowered asymptotic weights, increased hematocrits, lowered plasma protein, and increased granulocyte numbers of quail.

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Biological Evaluation of Proteins

Cited by 48 publications

References 101 publications

Growth, developmental stability and immune response in juvenile Japanese quails (Coturnix coturnix japonica)

Growth, developmental stability and immune response in juvenile Japanese quails (Coturnix coturnix japonica)

Supplementation of Diets with Proteins and Amino Acids

Physiological, Growth, and Immune Responses of Japanese Quail Chicks to the Multiple Stressors of Immunological Challenge and Lead Shot

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