Biological Efficiencies in Multiple-Cropping Systems

Francis, Charles

doi:10.1016/s0065-2113(08)60522-2

Cited by 178 publications

(115 citation statements)

References 111 publications

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“…Another important aspect is productivity during the growing season and the possibility of multicropping. In many tropical areas the growing season is not limited to a short period of the year, especially in the humid tropics where two or more crops may be grown in sequence (Francis, 1989). Currently LPJ-GUESS is restricted to one growing period per year for the primary crop.…”

Section: Amount Of Grid Cells (%)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Soil carbon management in large-scale Earth system modelling: implications for crop yields and nitrogen leaching

et al. 2015

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Abstract. Croplands are vital ecosystems for human well-being and provide important ecosystem services such as crop yields, retention of nitrogen and carbon storage. On large (regional to global)-scale levels, assessment of how these different services will vary in space and time, especially in response to cropland management, are scarce. We explore cropland management alternatives and the effect these can have on future C and N pools and fluxes using the land-use-enabled dynamic vegetation model LPJ-GUESS (Lund-Potsdam-Jena General Ecosystem Simulator). Simulated crop production, cropland carbon storage, carbon sequestration and nitrogen leaching from croplands are evaluated and discussed. Compared to the version of LPJ-GUESS that does not include land-use dynamics, estimates of soil carbon stocks and nitrogen leaching from terrestrial to aquatic ecosystems were improved.Our model experiments allow us to investigate trade-offs between these ecosystem services that can be provided from agricultural fields. These trade-offs are evaluated for current land use and climate and further explored for future conditions within the two future climate change scenarios, RCP (Representative Concentration Pathway) 2.6 and 8.5. Our results show that the potential for carbon sequestration due to typical cropland management practices such as no-till management and cover crops proposed in previous studies is not realised, globally or over larger climatic regions. Our results highlight important considerations to be made when modelling C-N interactions in agricultural ecosystems under future environmental change and the effects these have on terrestrial biogeochemical cycles.

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Section: Amount Of Grid Cells (%)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Soil carbon management in large-scale Earth system modelling: implications for crop yields and nitrogen leaching

et al. 2015

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“…Also, being a late-maturing cultivar, it might have taken advantage of a longer leaf area duration. Thus, in mixtures, the late, tall cultivar might shade other components of the mixture and its roots penetrate the soil more rapidly, leaving a soil of poor nutrient and moisture status to be exploited by other components of the mixture (Francis 1989).…”

Section: Yield In Monocrop and Alternate-row Mixturesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mixture performance of phenotypically contrasting barley cultivars

Essah

Stoskopf²

2002

Can. J. Plant Sci.

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Essah, S. Y. C. and Stoskopf, N. C. 2002. Mixture performance of phenotypically contrasting barley cultivars. Can. J. Plant Sci. 82: 1-6. There is lack of information on the yield and yield component performance of same-row and alternate-row mixtures (SRM and ARM) of widely contrasting barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) phenotypes. Therefore, four phenotypically contrasting spring barley cultivars, each selected to represent a unique combination of spike type (two-row or six-row), height (short or tall) and days to maturity (early or late) were used in 1991 and 1992 in field experiments at the Elora Research Station in Ontario, Canada, with the objective of determining whether a yield and/or yield-component advantage could be associated with same-row or alternate-row mixtures of barley cultivars. The four cultivars chosen for the study were each grown as monocrops, and in all six possible binary (two-cultivar) mixture combinations as same-row or alternate-row mixtures, in a randomized complete block design. A 13% yield increase of early, short:late, tall SRM over the midcomponent (weighted mean of the components grown in monocrop) yield in 1991, and 14% yield increase of early, tall:late, tall SRM over the midcomponent yield in 1992 was observed. Between the 2 yr, cultivars in ARM produced similar or significantly greater yields than the monocrop yields, except in 1991, when the late, short cultivar in ARM with early, tall cultivar produced significantly lower yields than in monocrop. The spike number m -2 was similar for all mixtures and their midcomponents, except in 1992, when early, short:late, short in ARM produced 7.0% more spikes than the midcomponent. The results of this study indicate a possible yield advantage of phenotypically contrasting barley mixtures compared to monocrops, with early, short:late,tall and early, tall:late, tall in same-row mixtures having the best combining abilities. . L'objectif était de voir s'il y a un lien entre l'amélioration du rendement et/ou des composantes du rendement et la culture du mélange dans le même rang ou en rang alternés. Les quatre variétés retenues ont chacune été cultivées seules et dans les six permutations binaires (deux cultivars) possibles, dans le même rang ou en rangs alternés, lors d'un essai en blocs aléatoires complets. En 1991, les chercheurs ont noté une hausse de 13 % du rendement pour le mélange hâtif, nain:tardif, élevé cultivé dans le même rang, comparativement à la moyenne pondérée des composantes du rendement pour les monocultures. L'année suivante, ils ont observé une hausse de 14 % pour la combinaison hâtif, nain:tardif, élevé également cultivée dans le même rang. D'une année à l'autre, les mélanges cultivés en rangs alternés ont donné un rendement semblable ou sensiblement plus élevé que les monocultures, sauf en 1991, où la variété tardive, naine cultivée en rangs alternés avec le cultivar hâtif, élevé a enregistré un rendement sensiblement plus faible que la monoculture. Le nombre d'épis par mètre carré pour toutes les combinaisons était simila...

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“…Molecular biology research is effective only when it complements and integrates with other fields of science, since the technology outputs must be tested in whole-plant and within relevant cropping systems under prevailing M.A. El-Sharkawy environments (Francis, 1989;Cohen, 1993;El-Sharkawy, 2005). In general, plant responses to environmental conditions are complex in nature and relate to many plant morphological, anatomical, physiological and biochemical traits, processes and mechanisms, which are controlled by multiple genes probably located and expressed in different sub-cellular compartments, array of cells, tissues and organs.…”

Section: An Overview Of the Role Of Physiological Research In Crop Immentioning

confidence: 99%

Utility of basic research in plant/crop physiology in relation to crop improvement: a review and a personal account

El‐Sharkawy

2006

Braz. J. Plant Physiol.

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Utilidade da pesquisa básica em fisiologia vegetal e em fisiologia da produção em relação ao melhoramento das culturas: uma revisão e uma análise pessoal: A pesquisa e o desenvolvimento agrícola têm função essencial no desenvolvimento econômico das nações, provendo segurança alimentar para uma população em constante crescimento demográfico. Em países desenvolvidos, as lacunas entre a produção potencial e a produção real são sobremodo estreitas, devido a uma combinação de tecnologias avançadas, novas variedades altamente produtivas e aplicação de agroquímicos em sistemas de produção altamente mecanizados. Na maioria daqueles países, a produção agrícola supera a demanda nacional, resultando em excedentes para a exportação. Em muitos países em desenvolvimento, entretanto, a produtividade agrícola está ainda muito abaixo de seu potencial devido a limitações técnicas e sócio-econômicas. Déficit alimentar é a norma em países pobres e subdesenvolvidos, os quais requerem vultosas importações de alimentos. Para aliviar parcialmente essa situação, pesquisas de cunho agrícola devem ser reforçadas. Como ramos das ciências básicas, a fisiologia vegetal e a fisiologia da produção têm sido freqüentemente criticadas por não traduzirem seus resultados de pesquisa em melhoria da produtividade. Este artigo é focado nesse tema, apresentando uma avaliação das realizações pretéritas da pesquisa fisiológica e de seus impactos sobre o melhoramento das culturas e sobre a produção de alimentos. Discutem-se deficiências e limitações de pesquisas isoladas e de pouca relevância, juntamente com opiniões do cientista sobre como pesquisas efetivas na área da fisiologia devem ser conduzidas e integradas dentro de equipes de pesquisa multidisciplinares associadas ao melhoramento vegetal. Exemplos de pesquisas de sucesso na fisiologia da produção e suas contribuições para aumentar a produtividade agrícola são apresentados. Todos esses aspectos apontam para a necessidade de pronto financiamento da pesquisa básica por setores públicos e privados de países desenvolvidos. Palavras-chave: agricultura, ecofisiologia, ecossistemas, estresse hídrico, fotoperíodo, fotossíntese C 4 , hormônios, melhoramento, produtividade, solo, tolerância à seca Agricultural research and development plays an essential role in a nation s economic development, providing for food security for an ever-increasing population. In developed countries, the gap between potential and actual yield is largely closed because of a combination of advanced technologies, high-yielding new varieties and the application of agrochemicals in highly mechanized production systems. In most of these countries, agricultural production exceeds national demand, resulting in excess products for export. In many of the developing countries, however, agricultural productivity is still far below what it should be because of multiple technical and socio-economic constraints. Food deficits are the norm in poor and middle-income countries, requiring expensive food imports. To partially alleviate this situati...

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Biological Efficiencies in Multiple-Cropping Systems

Cited by 178 publications

References 111 publications

Soil carbon management in large-scale Earth system modelling: implications for crop yields and nitrogen leaching

Soil carbon management in large-scale Earth system modelling: implications for crop yields and nitrogen leaching

Mixture performance of phenotypically contrasting barley cultivars

Utility of basic research in plant/crop physiology in relation to crop improvement: a review and a personal account

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