Biological Effects of Synthetic Gonanes

Edgren, Richard A.; Peterson, DeAnn L.; Jones, Robert C.; Nagra, Clarence L.; Smith, Heather; Hughes, G.

doi:10.1016/b978-1-4831-9825-5.50011-7

Cited by 10 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…In the pioneering study of Ramirez and Sawyer (1965), injections of E2-benzoate (E2B, 0.5 µg/kg day) starting from PND 5 or 26 until VO in rats caused an advancement in age at both VO and first estrus. When administered after PND 20, E2 also advanced the age at VO (Edgren et al, 1966;Ashby et al, 1997a,b;Odum et al, 1997). Early VO and first estrus were also observed in our laboratory after a single massive dose of E2 (10 mg/kg day) given on PND 10 (Matagne et al, 2004).…”

Section: E2 a Reference Natural Estrogenmentioning

confidence: 60%

Female sexual maturation and reproduction after prepubertal exposure to estrogens and endocrine disrupting chemicals: A review of rodent and human data

Rasier

Toppari

Parent

et al. 2006

Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology

144

108

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Natural hormones and some synthetic chemicals spread into our surrounding environment share the capacity to interact with hormone action and metabolism. Exposure to such compounds can cause a variety of developmental and reproductive detrimental abnormalities in wildlife species and, potentially, in human. Many experimental and epidemiological data have reported that exposure of the developing fetus or neonate to environmentally relevant concentrations of some among these endocrine disrupters induces morphological, biochemical and/or physiological disorders in brain and reproductive organs, by interfering with the hormone actions. The impact of such exposures on the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis and subsequent sexual maturation is the subject of the present review. We will highlight epidemiological human studies and the effects of early exposure during gestational, perinatal or postnatal life in female rodents.

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Section: E2 a Reference Natural Estrogenmentioning

confidence: 60%

Female sexual maturation and reproduction after prepubertal exposure to estrogens and endocrine disrupting chemicals: A review of rodent and human data

Rasier

Toppari

Parent

et al. 2006

Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology

144

108

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…It was found that daily doses of 0.03 mg E 2 /rat were effective in causing vaginal opening on Day 30 in 100% of the treated rats, whereas 0.3 mg 18-homoestradiol/rat was required to achieve this same effect. Thus, the 18-homologated form of E 2 was only 10% as potent as E 2 in this assay (Edgren et al, 1966). Lerner (1964) found that the nonsteroidal estrogen antagonist ethamoxytriphetol (MER-25) was estrogenic as measured by precocious vaginal opening.…”

Section: Reproductive Tract Responsesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Precocious vaginal opening may be induced by the administration of various estrogens, but this endpoint has not been employed frequently for quantitative assays (Emmens, 1962). Edgren et al (1966) noted that 50% of the vaginae of Charles River rats (strain not given) were open by the 40th day of life. These workers further noted that the dose of estrogen required to produce 100% vaginal opening by Day 30 was a satisfactory criterion for assessing estrogenic activity.…”

Section: Reproductive Tract Responsesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although this describes the basic assay, there have been many variations on the theme that are discussed below. Historically, Bulbring and Burn (1935) employed ovariectomized immature rats; Dorfman et al (1936), Lauson et al (1939), and Dorfman and Dorfman (1954) used intact immature rats; Evans et al (1941), Rubin et al (1951), and Dorfman and Kind (1966) used intact immature mice; and Edgren et al (1966;1967) and Jones and Edgren (1973) employed ovariectomized pubertal and adult rats and immature mice to conduct the uterotrophic bioassay.…”

Section: Uterine Fluid Imbibition (Astwood Bioassay)mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Survey and Assessment of Mammalian Estrogen Biological Assays for Hazard Characterization

Reel¹,

Lamb²,

NEAL³

1996

Toxicol Sci

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“…• Edgren et al (1966) and Buzby et al (1966) • 13b-ethyl-3-methoxy-gona-2,5(10)-dien-17-one • Progestin related to levonorgesterel…”

Section: Definitionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Designer steroids – over‐the‐counter supplements and their androgenic component: review of an increasing problem

2015

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SUMMARYColloquially referred to by various misleading monikers ('pro-hormones', 'natural steroids', 'testosterone boosters', etc.) designer anabolic steroids have been popular now for over a decade as a way to achieve classic anabolic steroid-like results from products sold in the legal marketplace. Recent evidence suggests that anabolic steroid use may be the most common cause of hypogonadism in men of reproductive age. Despite recent regulatory efforts that have banned specific compounds, many anabolic-androgenic steroids (AAS) remain available in over-the-counter dietary supplements that are legally sold in the United States. Severe side effects including hepatotoxicity, cholestasis, renal failure, hypogonadism, gynecomastia, and infertility have been reported secondary to the use of these products. While some of these side effects may be reversible, more aggressive use may result in more permanent end-organ damage as has been previously described for the case of aggressive AAS users (Rahnema et al., Fertil Steril, 2014). Designer AAS remain easily available for purchase in over-the-counter bodybuilding supplements and these products appear to be increasingly popular, despite the known health risks associated with their use. We conducted a systematic search to identify the designer steroids that are most commonly sold in dietary supplements as of April 2014 and review what is known regarding their potency and toxicity. We propose that the impact of AAS use on the reproductive and hormonal health of men is underestimated in the literature owing to previous studies' failure to account for designer steroid use. Lastly, we make clinical recommendations to help physicians steer patients away from potentially harmful supplements, and summarize key regulatory obstacles that have allowed potent androgens to remain unregulated in the legal marketplace.

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Biological Effects of Synthetic Gonanes

Cited by 10 publications

References 19 publications

Female sexual maturation and reproduction after prepubertal exposure to estrogens and endocrine disrupting chemicals: A review of rodent and human data

Female sexual maturation and reproduction after prepubertal exposure to estrogens and endocrine disrupting chemicals: A review of rodent and human data

Survey and Assessment of Mammalian Estrogen Biological Assays for Hazard Characterization

Designer steroids – over‐the‐counter supplements and their androgenic component: review of an increasing problem

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