Biological effects of space environmental factors: A possible interaction between space radiation and microgravity

Yatagai, Fumio; Honma, Masamitsu; Dohmae, Naoshi; Ishioka, Noriaki

doi:10.1016/j.lssr.2018.10.004

Cited by 55 publications

(52 citation statements)

References 59 publications

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“…These observed trends as a function of space radiation exposure revealed unique pathways that seem to be specifically related to GCR, whereas some pathways from our analysis are known to be universal responses to radiation. The mechanisms of damage are common to highly ionizing radiation regardless of the source [94]; what is unique to chronic space radiation exposure is the combination of highly ionizing particles, low dose, and a low dose rate, which may have implications for DNA repair [17], mitochondrial pathways [16], and lipid pathways [42] as just a few examples of what emerged from our analysis. In addition, we found specific cancer-related pathways that may be unique to space radiation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Simulated microgravity studies have demonstrated an inhibitory effect on cell cycle and cell proliferation [15]. These studies show the value of research centered on understanding the totality of space exposures [16]. A multitude of other biological processes that are affected include increased genomic instability and mutation rates [17], immune dysregulation [18], and deregulated cellular energetics [19].…”

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confidence: 99%

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NASA GeneLab Platform Utilized for Biological Response to Space Radiation in Animal Models

McDonald¹,

Stainforth

Cahill

et al. 2020

Cancers

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Background: Ionizing radiation from galactic cosmic rays (GCR) is one of the major risk factors that will impact the health of astronauts on extended missions outside the protective effects of the Earth’s magnetic field. The NASA GeneLab project has detailed information on radiation exposure using animal models with curated dosimetry information for spaceflight experiments. Methods: We analyzed multiple GeneLab omics datasets associated with both ground-based and spaceflight radiation studies that included in vivo and in vitro approaches. A range of ions from protons to iron particles with doses from 0.1 to 1.0 Gy for ground studies, as well as samples flown in low Earth orbit (LEO) with total doses of 1.0 mGy to 30 mGy, were utilized. Results: From this analysis, we were able to identify distinct biological signatures associating specific ions with specific biological responses due to radiation exposure in space. For example, we discovered changes in mitochondrial function, ribosomal assembly, and immune pathways as a function of dose. Conclusions: We provided a summary of how the GeneLab’s rich database of omics experiments with animal models can be used to generate novel hypotheses to better understand human health risks from GCR exposures.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

NASA GeneLab Platform Utilized for Biological Response to Space Radiation in Animal Models

McDonald¹,

Stainforth

Cahill

et al. 2020

Cancers

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“…Microgravity and space radiation have been proved to have a variety of detrimental effects on human health 7 , 14 . However, the biological effects of only one of them are studied in most research and there is still a lack of sufficient understanding for the compound biological effect of the two major space environmental factors.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As an inevitable space environmental factor, the effect of microgravity on the biological effects of radiation has received widespread attention 7 . Girardi et al 8 studied the expression profiles of both miRNAs and mRNAs in human peripheral blood lymphocytes irradiated with γ-rays under simulated microgravity (SMG) conditions, and found that microgravity affects the radiation-induced DNA damage response pathway through bioinformatics analysis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Additive effects of simulated microgravity and ionizing radiation in cell death, induction of ROS and expression of RAC2 in human bronchial epithelial cells

et al. 2020

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Radiation and microgravity are undoubtedly two major factors in space environment that pose a health threat to astronauts. However, the mechanistic study of their interactive biological effects is lacking. In this study, human lung bronchial epithelial Beas-2B cells were used to study the regulation of radiobiological effects by simulated microgravity (using a three-dimensional clinostat). It was found that simulated microgravity together with radiation induced drop of survival fraction, proliferation inhibition, apoptosis, and DNA double-strand break formation of Beas-2B cells additively. They also additively induced Ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 2 (RAC2) upregulation, leading to increased NADPH oxidase activity and increased intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) yield. The findings indicated that simulated microgravity and ionizing radiation presented an additive effect on cell death of human bronchial epithelial cells, which was mediated by RAC2 to some extent. The study provides a new perspective for the better understanding of the compound biological effects of the space environmental factors.

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“…145 The need for new metrics to assess the overlapping effects cosmic radiation and microgravity has been raised by Yatagai et al, 146 who have also proposed a helpful framework to classify the spectrum of biological effects that can be produced. 147 Overall, whenever s-μg results are being compared to real microgravity studies in space, equivalent doses of cosmic radiation must be modeled in ground-based s-μg studies in order to delineate any synergistic and relative biological effects. Two additional controls are required in addition to the three previously proposed in Section 5.4: (a) static full vessel + radiation and (b) dynamic full vessel + radiation.…”

Section: Comparability Of S-g Studies With Conditions In Spacementioning

confidence: 99%

Factors implicating the validity and interpretation of mechanobiology studies in simulated microgravity environments

Poon

2020

Engineering Reports

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Simulated microgravity (s-μg) devices provide unique conditions for elucidating the effects of gravitational unloading on biological processes and are increasingly being applied for mechanobiology studies. However, without proper characterization of the mechanical environment generated by these systems, the interpretation of results is confounded and limited. Furthermore, the cell culture approaches central to s-μg experimentation introduces new factors that can fundamentally affect results, but these are currently not addressed. It is essential to understand the complete culture environment and how constituent conditions can individually and synergistically affect cellular responses in order to correctly interpret results, otherwise outcomes may be misattributed to the effects of microgravity alone. For the benefit of the growing space biology community, this article critically reviews a typical s-μg cell culture environment in terms of three key conditions: fluid-mediated mechanical stimuli, oxygen tension and biochemical. These and the implications of other experimental variables for biological analysis are categorically discussed. A new set of controls is proposed to properly evaluate the respective effects of these conditions in s-μg culture, along with a reporting matrix and potential strategies for addressing the current limitations of simulated microgravity devices as a platform for mechanobiology research.

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Biological effects of space environmental factors: A possible interaction between space radiation and microgravity

Cited by 55 publications

References 59 publications

NASA GeneLab Platform Utilized for Biological Response to Space Radiation in Animal Models

NASA GeneLab Platform Utilized for Biological Response to Space Radiation in Animal Models

Additive effects of simulated microgravity and ionizing radiation in cell death, induction of ROS and expression of RAC2 in human bronchial epithelial cells

Factors implicating the validity and interpretation of mechanobiology studies in simulated microgravity environments

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