Biological effects of sirodesmin PL, a phytotoxin produced by Leptosphaeria maculans

Rouxel, Thierry; Chupeau, Yves; Fritz, R.; Kollmann, Albert; Bousquet, Jean-Francois

doi:10.1016/0168-9452(88)90140-9

Cited by 44 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Its phytotoxic activities suggest a role for it in blackleg disease of Brassica napus (canola, oilseed rape) (Rouxel et al, 1988). The lifestyle of this pathogen in planta is complicated.…”

Section: Putative Functions Of Etps: Virulence And/or Defencementioning

confidence: 99%

The epipolythiodioxopiperazine (ETP) class of fungal toxins: distribution, mode of action, functions and biosynthesis

2005

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“…Its phytotoxic activities suggest a role for it in blackleg disease of Brassica napus (canola, oilseed rape) (Rouxel et al, 1988). The lifestyle of this pathogen in planta is complicated.…”

Section: Putative Functions Of Etps: Virulence And/or Defencementioning

confidence: 99%

The epipolythiodioxopiperazine (ETP) class of fungal toxins: distribution, mode of action, functions and biosynthesis

2005

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“…), the causal agent of blackleg disease of Brassica napus (canola). Sirodesmin PL has antibacterial and antiviral properties (Rouxel et al, 1988) and is essential for full virulence of L. maculans on stems of Brassica napus (Elliott et al, 2007). This toxin is a member of the epipolythiodioxopiperazine (ETP) class of secondary metabolites.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Zn(II)2Cys6 DNA binding protein regulates the sirodesmin PL biosynthetic gene cluster in Leptosphaeria maculans

Fox

Gardiner

Keller

et al. 2008

Fungal Genetics and Biology

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A gene, sirZ, encoding a Zn(II) 2 Cys 6 DNA binding protein is present in a cluster of genes responsible for the biosynthesis of the epipolythiodioxopiperazine (ETP) toxin, sirodesmin PL in the ascomycete plant pathogen, Leptosphaeria maculans. RNA-mediated silencing of sirZ gives rise to transformants that produce only residual amounts of sirodesmin PL and display a decrease in the transcription of several sirodesmin PL biosynthetic genes. This indicates that SirZ is a major regulator of this gene cluster. Proteins similar to SirZ are encoded in the gliotoxin biosynthetic gene cluster of Aspergillus fumigatus (gliZ) and in an ETP-like cluster in Penicillium lilacinoechinulatum (PlgliZ). Despite its high level of sequence similarity to gliZ, PlgliZ is unable to complement the gliotoxin-deficiency of a mutant of gliZ in A. fumigatus. Putative binding sites for these regulatory proteins in the promoters of genes in these clusters were predicted using bioinformatic analysis. These sites are similar to those commonly bound by other proteins with Zn(II) 2 Cys 6 DNA binding domains.

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“…Sirodesmin PL is a fungal phytotoxin produced by pathogens of both plants and animals and is not host specific (Gardiner et al, 2004). In the L. maculans -Brassica pathosystem, sirodesmin PL causes lesions on plant leaves and has antibacterial and antiviral properties (Rouxel et al, 1988). The LmUVI-1h, LmPKS1 and…”

Section: Pav Read Hits To Gene Annotationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Understanding the structure and variation within the genome of the pathogenic ascomycete fungus Leptosphaeria maculans

Zander¹

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The ascomycete fungus Leptosphaeria maculans is a major pathogen of Brassica species, particularly canola (Brassica napus; rapeseed; oil-seed rape), and the primary cause of crop losses of canola in Australia, causing blackleg disease. L. maculans, a filamentous ascomycete, is the causal agent of phoma stem canker, commonly referred to as blackleg.In late stages of infection, it spreads through the stem vasculature causing lesions, leading to poor growth, lodging and eventually plant death. This fungus is found in canola-growing regions worldwide such as Australia, Canada and Europe. Increased production of canola in these regions has led to a rise in the severity of the disease. In Australia alone, L. maculans infection is responsible for an estimated Australian $100 million in crop losses each year, with average losses ranging from 15-48 % and significant efforts are underway to improve resistance to this disease.Understanding the characteristics of L. maculans is vital for developing an effective and sustainable approach to the management of blackleg disease on Brassica species. The completion of the L. maculans genome sequence was a significant development in the study of this fungal pathogen and provides a reference genome to which molecular markers can be physically mapped. This has been highly useful in other plant pathogens with sequenced genomes, such as the wheat pathogen Parastagonospora nodorum and the cereal pathogen Fusarium graminearum. Importantly, a reference genome also allows mapping of whole genome re-sequencing data, which is becoming a high-throughput, costeffective method to study genome-wide diversity, particularly for the relatively small, lower complexity genomes of many fungal species. By re-sequencing the genome of different L. maculans isolates, variations in genome sequence and structure can be elucidated.Advances in genome sequencing technologies have revolutionised plant and fungal genomics. They have made genome sequencing, re-sequencing and Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP) discovery highly accessible, high-throughput and cost-effective. The process of whole genome re-sequencing involves aligning millions of short sequence reads to a reference genome sequence. Once this has been achieved, it is possible to identify genetic variation between individuals, which can be linked to variation in phenotype to provide molecular genetic markers and insights into gene function.Sequence variation can have a major impact on how an organism develops and responds to the environment. III | P a g eThis thesis describes the implementation of several approaches to elucidating the genome structure and variation of a number of L. maculans isolates, including SNPs and presence/absence variations (PAVs).Initially, the re-sequencing of two L. maculans isolates for the identification of 21,814 SNPs was performed. I demonstrated the application of a novel SNP calling method, SGSautoSNP and its robustness and sensitivity in identifying polymorphisms in L.maculans. I described the use of these S...

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Biological effects of sirodesmin PL, a phytotoxin produced by Leptosphaeria maculans

Cited by 44 publications

References 18 publications

The epipolythiodioxopiperazine (ETP) class of fungal toxins: distribution, mode of action, functions and biosynthesis

The epipolythiodioxopiperazine (ETP) class of fungal toxins: distribution, mode of action, functions and biosynthesis

A Zn(II)2Cys6 DNA binding protein regulates the sirodesmin PL biosynthetic gene cluster in Leptosphaeria maculans

Understanding the structure and variation within the genome of the pathogenic ascomycete fungus Leptosphaeria maculans

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