Biological effects of marine oil pollution

Samiullah, Yusaf

doi:10.1016/s0143-7127(85)90233-9

Cited by 39 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 121 publications

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“…too shallow for boat access, plant growth along the shore too dense for easy shore access, distant from paved roads, little or no evidence of visitation). We defined high-humanimpact sites as exposed to the effects of human activities in the form of potential chemical disturbance to sea anemones, such as pollution from boat fuels or automobile engine oils (Ormond & Caldwell 1982, Samiullah 1985 and/or physical disturbance including tissue abrasion or enhanced sedimentation caused by swimmers and snorkelers (Krieger & Chad wick 2013). Low-human-impact sites were de fined as experiencing a relative absence of human activities in close proximity to the study site.…”

Section: Study Sitesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Localized human impacts may cause reductions in coral cover, including from the effects of trampling by tourists (Leujak & Ormond 2008, Krieger & Chadwick 2013, point source pollution such as diesel fuel and sewage (Ormond & Caldwell 1982, Samiullah 1985, Bak 1987, Fabricius 2005, and other anthropogenic disturbances that impact nearshore communities, leading possibly to the observed low coral cover and anemone abundances at high-impact sites in the Keys.…”

Section: Overall Patternsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Population dynamics of corkscrew sea anemones Bartholomea annulata in the Florida Keys

O’Reilly¹,

Chadwick²

2017

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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Corkscrew sea anemones Bartholomea annulata are important ecologically as hubs of a mutualistic network involving cleaner shrimps and client fishes on Caribbean reefs. They also are collected for the ornamental aquarium trade, but little is known about their population dynamics to support conservation management. We quantified variation in population structure among regions of the Florida Keys and levels of human impact within region. The Upper Keys and lowimpact sites supported higher population abundance and proportions of small anemones than the Lower Keys and high-impact sites. At 2 sites where we monitored anemone dynamics every 2 mo for 1 yr, individuals recruited frequently and grew rapidly to maximum body size and then remained static or shrank. Fewer than half the individuals survived all year, indicating rapid population turnover, with mortality occurring mostly among small individuals or large ones that appeared to senesce beforehand. Stasis of large individuals (or lack thereof) exerted the most influence on population size. We conclude that in Florida, corkscrew anemones experience relatively high recruitment and survival at sites with low human impact and in the Upper Keys, where summer water temperatures are cooler than in the Lower Keys. Populations are highly dynamic and appear to rely on frequent recruitment, potentially linked to the presence of resident adults at high enough abundances for fertilization of broadcast propagules. The ephemeral nature of these anemones has important implications for the dynamics of their anemoneshrimp symbionts, for reef fishes that utilize them as parasite cleaning stations, and for the conservation management of their populations.

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Section: Study Sitesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Overall Patternsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Population dynamics of corkscrew sea anemones Bartholomea annulata in the Florida Keys

O’Reilly¹,

Chadwick²

2017

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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“…Non essential elements do not have any positive effects on organisms and they are harmful already in low doses. They can inhibit an essential element to bind to enzyme and disturb the normal enzymatic function in the body [ 1 - 9 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Heavy metals and hydrocarbon concentrations in water, sediments and tissue of Cyclope neritea from two sites in Suez Canal, Egypt and histopathological effects

Sharaf

Shehata

2015

J Environ Health Sci Engineer

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Heavy metals and hydrocarbons are of the most common marine pollutants around the world. The present study aimed to assess the concentration of petroleum hydrocarbons and heavy metals in tissues of the snail cyclope neritea, water and sediments from two sites of the study area (Temsah lake and Suez canal) represent polluted and unpolluted sites respectively. The results showed that, the levels of the heavy metals (Pb, Cd, Co, Mg and Zn) in the polluted area have reached harmful limits recorded globally. Lead in water, sediment and tissue of the snail reached to 0.95 ppm, 4.54 ppm and 7.93 ppm respectively. Cadmium reached 0.31 ppm, 1.15 ppm and 3.08 ppm in the corresponding samples. Cobalt was not detected in water, but it reached 1.42 ppm and 10.36 ppm in the sediment and snails tissue respectively. Magnesium in water, sediment and tissue of the snail reached 3.73 ppm, 9.44 ppm and12.6 ppm respectively. Zinc reached 0.11 ppm, 3.89 ppm and 12.60ppm in the corresponding samples. Meanwhile, hydrocarbons in the polluted area (site1) reached 110.10 μg/L, 980.15 μg/g and 228.00 μg/g in water sediment and digestive gland tissues of the snails respectively. Whereas, hydrocarbons in the unpolluted area (site2) were estimated as 14.20 μg/L, 55.60 μg/g and 22.66 μg/g in water, sediment and tissue of the snails respectively.The combination of histopathological image with monitoring of the metal level in the digestive gland of the present snail provides an important tool for early detection of impending environmental problems and potential public health issues. Petroleum hydrocarbons are toxic to the marine fauna when present above certain limit in the marine water. The major detoxification organ in molluscs is the digestive gland, which has been used as a bioindicator organ for toxicity assessment. The effect of high crude oil on the digestive gland tubules of exposed snails when examined microscopically reveals a series of histological changes which indicates that the cellular compensatory mechanism is activated by hydrocarbons. These changes include vacuolation and presence of pyknotic nuclei.

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“…Salt marshes are also highly productive and serve as nursery grounds for many commercially and economically important species. Because of these physical and biological characteristics, salt marshes are considered to be particularly susceptible to chronic and/or catastrophic inputs of petroleum hydrocarbons (National Research Council 1985b, Samiullah 1985.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Response of sedimentary bacteria in a Louisiana salt marsh to contamination by diesel fuel

Kr¹,

Means²,

Sc³

1996

Aquat. Microb. Ecol.

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In a 28 d microcosm study, we examined the effects of diesel-contaminated sediment on the sedimentary bacterial community of a Louisiana (USA) salt marsh that has been chronically exposed to petroleum hydrocarbons for decades Diesel contaminants in n1icrocosms as determined from polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) concentration ranged from 0.55 to 55 ppm (dry weight). Bacterial metabolism (incorporation of I4C-acetate and 3H-leucine) and bacterial abundance were not affected by diesel-contaminated sediment at any concentration. Bacterial degradation of I4C-phenanthrene, however, increased in direct proportion to the amount of diesel-contaminated sediment added. Ambient sediment also exhibited significant capacity to degrade PAH. The half life of phenanthrene (based on "'C-phenanthrene-degradation experiments) ranged from 137 d in ambient sediments to 4.5 d in sediment chronically exposed to high levels of diesel-contaminated sediments for 28 d. Two-and three-ring PAH, including naphthalenes, phenanthrenes, and dibenzothiophenes, constituted the bulk of PAH composition of diesel and were rapidly metabolized. Alkylated PAH were also readily metabolized. The rapid removal of PAH suggests that even if the marsh were exposed to chronically high levels of petroleum hydrocarbons, chemical evidence of the contaminants would not be detected in sediments. Collectively, these results are consistent with the hypothesis that the bacterial community in this salt marsh has adapted to chronic exposure to petroleum hydrocarbons.

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Biological effects of marine oil pollution

Cited by 39 publications

References 121 publications

Population dynamics of corkscrew sea anemones Bartholomea annulata in the Florida Keys

Population dynamics of corkscrew sea anemones Bartholomea annulata in the Florida Keys

Heavy metals and hydrocarbon concentrations in water, sediments and tissue of Cyclope neritea from two sites in Suez Canal, Egypt and histopathological effects

Response of sedimentary bacteria in a Louisiana salt marsh to contamination by diesel fuel

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