Biological Effects of Animal Venoms on the Human Immune System

Avalo, Zharick; Barrera, María Claudia; Agudelo-Delgado, Manuela; Tobón, Gabriel J.; Cañas, Carlos A.

doi:10.3390/toxins14050344

Cited by 15 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 158 publications

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“…Improper stimulation of microglial cells is a pathogenic marker in several neurodegenerative disorders, such as Parkinson’s ( Cai et al, 2021 ). Several preclinical experiments examined how BV affects leukocyte migration and microglial activation in animal and cellular models ( Avalo et al, 2022 ; Gao et al, 2023 ). In experimental mice models of Parkinson’s disease, BV acupuncture therapy (BVA) was shown to protect from rotenone-triggered oxidative damage, neurological inflammation, and cytotoxicity ( Mi et al, 2024 ).…”

Section: Medical Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Harnessing the power of bee venom for therapeutic and regenerative medical applications: an updated review

Sadek,

Shib,

Taher

et al. 2024

Front. Pharmacol.

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Honeybees have been helpful insects since ancient centuries, and this benefit is not limited to being a honey producer only. After the bee stings a person, pain, and swelling occur in this place, due to the effects of bee venom (BV). This is not a poison in the total sense of the word because it has many benefits, and this is due to its composition being rich in proteins, peptides, enzymes, and other types of molecules in low concentrations that show promise in the treatment of numerous diseases and conditions. BV has also demonstrated positive effects against various cancers, antimicrobial activity, and wound healing versus the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Even though topical BV therapy is used to varying degrees among countries, localized swelling or itching are common side effects that may occur in some patients. This review provides an in-depth analysis of the complex chemical composition of BV, highlighting the diverse range of bioactive compounds and their therapeutic applications, which extend beyond the well-known anti-inflammatory and pain-relieving effects, showcasing the versatility of BV in modern medicine. A specific search strategy was followed across various databases; Web of sciences, Scopus, Medline, and Google Scholar including in vitro and in vivo clinical studies.to outline an overview of BV composition, methods to use, preparation requirements, and Individual consumption contraindications. Furthermore, this review addresses safety concerns and emerging approaches, such as the use of nanoparticles, to mitigate adverse effects, demonstrating a balanced and holistic perspective. Importantly, the review also incorporates historical context and traditional uses, as well as a unique focus on veterinary applications, setting it apart from previous works and providing a valuable resource for researchers and practitioners in the field.

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Section: Medical Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Harnessing the power of bee venom for therapeutic and regenerative medical applications: an updated review

Sadek,

Shib,

Taher

et al. 2024

Front. Pharmacol.

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“…Based on the foregoing, anti-inflammatory toxins are seen to be able to affect the human immune system [ 89 ] and could be used as a coadjutant therapy to COVID-19 in special targeting of the cytokine storm; therefore, bioprospecting novel therapeutic drugs derived from venoms for COVID-19 have demonstrated several advantages. Among the matters discussed above, we can also highlight that some venom-derived peptides can present low immunogenicity and can be easily optimized and manufactured in the laboratory; however, these toxins still do not have acceptable efficacy and do not demonstrate the risk/benefit ratio for human treatments, and appropriate clinical studies are needed for their use; thus, more studies in the toxinology field should be developed to suggest new antiviral drugs against COVID-19.…”

Section: Venom-derived Toxins As Covid-19 Therapy: New Perspectivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Harnessing the Power of Venomous Animal-Derived Toxins against COVID-19

Oliveira

Ferreira

Jacob

et al. 2023

Toxins

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Animal-derived venoms are complex mixtures of toxins triggering important biological effects during envenomings. Although venom-derived toxins are known for their potential of causing harm to victims, toxins can also act as pharmacological agents. During the COVID-19 pandemic, there was observed an increase in in-depth studies on antiviral agents, and since, to date, there has been no completely effective drug against the global disease. This review explores the crosstalk of animal toxins and COVID-19, aiming to map potential therapeutic agents derived from venoms (e.g., bees, snakes, scorpions, etc.) targeting COVID-19.

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“…In response to any stressor, the activation of pro-inflammatory mediators such as cytokines and chemokines is observed (1-3). In addition, numerous cells of the immune system are activated, migration of leukocytes to the affected area is initiated and the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), reactive compounds of nitrogen oxide (NO) and numerous proteases are generated, ensuring maintenance of the regulation of innate effector functions and homeostasis (13)(14)(15)(16).…”

Section: Mechanisms Of Disruption Of Cellular Homeostasis Of Mammals ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of animal venom toxins on the main links of the homeostasis of mammals (Review)

Matkivska,

Samborska,

Maievskyi

2023

Biomed Rep

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The human body is affected by environmental factors. The dynamic balance between the organism and its environment results from the influence of natural, anthropogenic and social aspects. The factors of exogenous origin determine development of adaptive changes. The present article summarises the mechanisms of animal venom toxins and homeostasis disruption in the body of mammals. The mechanisms underlying pathological changes are associated with shifts in biochemical reactions. Components of the immune, nervous and endocrine systems are key in the host defense and adaptation processes in response to venom by triggering signalling pathways (PI3kinase pathway, arachidonic acid cascade). Animal venom toxins initiate the development of inflammatory processes, the synthesis of pro-inflammatory mediators (cytokines), ROS, proteolytic enzymes, activate the migration of leukocytes and macrophages. Keratinocytes and endothelial cells act as protective barriers under the action of animal venom toxins on the body of mammals. In addition, the formation of pores in cell membranes, structural changes in cell ion channels are characteristic of the action of animal venom toxins. Contents 1. Introduction 2. Mechanisms of disruption of cellular homeostasis of mammals following animal venom toxin exposure 3. Molecular structure and mechanism of action of toxins of venomous animals 4. Conclusion and future perspectives

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Biological Effects of Animal Venoms on the Human Immune System

Cited by 15 publications

References 158 publications

Harnessing the power of bee venom for therapeutic and regenerative medical applications: an updated review

Harnessing the power of bee venom for therapeutic and regenerative medical applications: an updated review

Harnessing the Power of Venomous Animal-Derived Toxins against COVID-19

Effect of animal venom toxins on the main links of the homeostasis of mammals (Review)

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