Biological effects of a neurotoxic pesticide at low concentrations on sea urchin early development. a terathogenic assay

Developmental Neurotoxicity of Chlorpyrifos Modeled in Vitro: Comparative Effects of Metabolites and Other Cholinesterase Inhibitors on DNA Synthesis in PC12 and C6 Cells

“…Like chlorpyrifos, diazinon showed immediate onset of effects and preferential actions on gliotypic cells. Similarly, diazinon has been shown to disrupt neurodevelopment in aquatic species (45,46) and elicits dysmorphogenesis in sea urchins during the phase in which neurotrophic factors control development (47). The effects, however, are not shared by non-organophosphate pesticides: We previously found dieldrin to be ineffective in the sea urchin model (37), and physostigmine, a carbamate, was much less effective, as found here.…”

An Invertebrate Model of the Developmental Neurotoxicity of Insecticides: Effects of Chlorpyrifos and Dieldrin in Sea Urchin Embryos and Larvae

“…On the other hand, the sensitivity of sea urchin embryos seen here is quite comparable to that with in vitro mammalian models, such as whole embryos, neuronal cell lines, or CNS cultures (11,12,(14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(31)(32)(33)(34). Nevertheless, our results point to potential utility of this or similar invertebrate model systems to screen compounds for potential neuroteratogenic activity in a comparative manner [as done here for chlorpyrifos, chlorpyrifos oxon, and dieldrin, and in a preliminary study for diazinon (66)], and to help identify heretofore unsuspected cellular targets underlying neurobehavioral teratogenesis.…”

Teratogenic Effects of Chlorantraniliprole on chick embryos (Gallus gallus domesticus)

“…Anomalies exhibited a periodic trend as studied by Morale et al, (1998) in contrast to Varnagy et al, (2001) and Budai et al, (2003) who suggested sporadic manner. Teratogenic changes such as micropthalmia, anophthalmia agnathia and reduction in size of head such as microcephaly in cypermethrin treated chick embryos was reported (Anwar, 2003).…”