Biological effects induced by Gadolinium nanoparticles on Lymphocyte A20 cell line

Abstract

Gadolinium nanoparticles (GdNPs) are potential agents for MRI of lymph nodes. The aim of this study was to evaluate the in vitro effects of 1 μM, 2.5 μM and 5 μM of GdDOTA⊂CS-TPP/HA and GdDOTP⊂CS-TPP/HA NPs on A20 lymphocyte cells exposed for 6 and 24 hours. The total cellular biomass (SRB), lactate dehydrogenase activity (LDH) and oxidative stress parameters, such as reactive oxygen species generation (ROS), reduced glutathione (GSH), malondialdehyde (MDA) and advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP) were analyzed by spectrophotometric and fluorimetric methods. After cells exposure to 1 μM, 2.5 μM and 5 μM of GdDOTP⊂CS-TPP/HA NPs their viability decreased in a time- and dose-dependent manner, whereas for GdDOTA⊂CS-TPP/HA no significant changes were noticed. Both NPs formulations in doses of 1 μM, 2.5 μM, 5 μM did not affect the plasma membrane at each time point tested. The levels of ROS, MDA and AOPP increased proportionally with the concentration and exposure time. GSH concentration decreased significantly for all doses of both NPs tested. Taken together our data suggest that, GdDOTP⊂CS-TPP/HA and GdDOTA⊂CS-TPP/HA NPs induced oxidative stress in A20 lymphocyte cells which was counteracted by the cells antioxidant defense system to a certain extend.

Biocompatibility of Gd-Loaded Chitosan-Hyaluronic Acid Nanogels as Contrast Agents for Magnetic Resonance Cancer Imaging

“…No topological differences could be noticed according to CS concentration, the acid or the gadolinium contrast agent. In any case, NGs diameters calculated from the AFM images were highly inferior to 100 nm ( Table 2 ) as already demonstrated before [ 66 ].…”

“…A previous study on A20 cells viability [ 66 ] revealed that, while GdDOTA-NGs had no significant effect on cell survival profiles up to 24 h, GdDOTP-NGs generated a decrease of cell viability in a time- and dose-dependent manner. A20 cell line seemed to be more susceptible to Gd-based nanogels treatment compared with SVEC4-10 endothelial cell line used in the current work.…”

“…Previously, we have reported increases in ROS levels in a time dependent manner as well as reductions of GSH concentrations [ 66 ]. The present study showed a low and insignificant decrease of GSH level after exposure for 24 h at the highest dose of citric GdDOTA⊂CS-TPP/HA (e) nanogel with 1.5 mg·mL −1 CS.…”

“…Previous studies also indicated that gadolinium complexes such as GdDOTA and GdDOTP encapsulated in a hydrophilic matrix constituted of CS and HA had no impact on C6 glioma cells and fibroblasts from rat skin viabilities [ 61 , 63 ], that suggested a high biocompatibility with these cell lines. Nevertheless, our group demonstrated that these nanogels could induce a slight oxidative stress towards A20 lymphocytes [ 66 ]. Since these nanogels are designed for lymphatic system imaging it is important to evaluate their in vitro effects towards dedicated cell lines, such as SVEC4-10 murine lymph node cells.…”

Surface functionalization of endotracheal tubes coated with laccase–gadolinium phosphate hybrid nanoparticles for antibiofilm activity and contrasting properties

“…Macropinocytosis, receptor-mediated endocytosis, and clathrin-mediated endocytosis are the main proposed mechanisms for transporting these nanoparticles to cells. [27][28][29] Here, Gd 3+ was successfully complexed by PO 3− and embedded within hybrid nanostructures to prevent cell penetration and toxicity. To sum up, the HNPs/catechol-coated ETT showed good biodegradability, controlled ion release, and low toxicity (Fig.…”