Biological effect markers in exhaled breath condensate and biomonitoring in welders: impact of smoking and protection equipment

Abstract

It has been shown that welding-associated long-term and short-term health effects could be detected in a population of welders. The results also showed that using personal protection equipment is of high importance and H(2)O(2) may be an effect marker associated with smoking rather than with welding fumes, while nitrate in EBC seems to be sensitive to welding fume exposure.

Alteration of Th1/Th2/Th17 cytokine profile and humoral immune responses associated with chromate exposure

“…Cr-VI mainly enters the human body through inhalation during occupational exposure. Once in the respiratory system (nose, bronchi and lung), some Cr-VI may be converted to Cr-III and accumulate in the broncho-alveolar lining fluid, mucosa and pulmonary tissues 1 2. This process can produce many reactive intermediates with consequent oxidative stress, which can contribute to chromate cytotoxicity, genotoxicity and carcinogenicity 3.…”

Development of a method for the simultaneous detection of Cr(iii) and Cr(vi) in exhaled breath condensate samples using μLC-ICP-MS

“…3) with the same retention time as the Cr(III) intermediate was observed when stored frozen at À20 C. Instability of Cr(III) was observed in all storage conditions (see Fig. 20,21,24,25,46 Initial observations of freezing a spiked aqueous standard of chromium Cr(III) and Cr(VI) at À80 C showed the same pattern of conversion to intermediate species as the aqueous standard stored at À20 C for 24 hours. The pH of water standards is neutral, so it is possible that the unknown Cr(III) intermediate observed in chromatograms (A3) and (A4) of Fig.…”

Induced Sputum, Exhaled NO, and Breath Condensate in Occupational Medicine

“…Liquid chromatography combined with fluorimetric detection has also been used, with thiobarbituric acid or dinitrophenylhydrazine as a reagent, 76-78 but the most specific and most sensitive method currently available is liquid chromatography combined with MS (high-performance liquid chromatography-MS/MS). 7,9,44,58,[79][80][81] Because MDA normally appears at trace levels in EBC, its routine analysis requires a method that is both sensitive and specific.…”