Biological Dosimetry of Ionizing Radiation

Vaurijoux, Aurélie; Gruel, Gaëtan; Roch-Lefèvre, Sandrine; Voisin, Philippe

doi:10.5772/35688

Cited by 4 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…The ‘‘gold standard’’ biodosimetric approach for relatively recent exposures (<1 year) involves evaluating frequencies of dicentric chromosomes in circulating blood lymphocytes (12, 13). Micronuclei also represent sensitive biomarkers of radiation exposure (14), and have been reported to persist more than five years after radioiodine therapy for papillary thyroid cancer (15).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chromosome Translocations, Inversions and Telomere Length for Retrospective Biodosimetry on Exposed U.S. Atomic Veterans

et al. 2019

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It has now been over 60 years since U.S. nuclear testing was conducted in the Pacific islands and Nevada, exposing military personnel to varying levels of ionizing radiation. Actual doses are not well-established, as film badges in the 1950s had many limitations. We sought a means of independently assessing dose for comparison with historical film badge records and dose reconstruction conducted in parallel. For the purpose of quantitative retrospective biodosimetry, peripheral blood samples from 12 exposed veterans and 12 age-matched (>80 years) veteran controls were collected and evaluated for radiation-induced chromosome damage utilizing directional genomic hybridization (dGH), a cytogenomics-based methodology that facilitates simultaneous detection of translocations and inversions. Standard calibration curves were constructed from six male volunteers in their mid-20s to reflect the age range of the veterans at time of exposure. Doses were estimated for each veteran using translocation and inversion rates independently; however, combining them by a weighted-average generally improved the accuracy of dose estimations. Various confounding factors were also evaluated for potential effects on chromosome aberration frequencies. Perhaps not surprisingly, smoking and age-associated increases in background frequencies of inversions were observed. Telomere length was also measured, and inverse relationships with both age and combined weighted dose estimates were observed. Interestingly, smokers in the non-exposed control veteran cohort displayed similar telomere lengths as those in the never-smoker exposed veteran group, suggesting that chronic smoking had as much effect on telomere length as a single exposure to radioactive fallout. Taken together, we find that our approach of combined chromosome aberration-based retrospective biodosimetry provided reliable dose estimation capability, particularly on a group average basis, for exposures above statistical detection limits.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chromosome Translocations, Inversions and Telomere Length for Retrospective Biodosimetry on Exposed U.S. Atomic Veterans

et al. 2019

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“…These results can be explained by the study of Vaurijoux et al . [ 6 ] which stated that low linear energy transfer radiation (X or γ rays) produces many tracks containing few primary events with a more randomized distribution of tracks and a more uniform distribution of damage between cells. The same authors also reported that the dose-effect relationship is linear in the low-dose range and becomes quadratic at high doses.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhancing Cytogenetic Biological Dosimetry Capabilities of the Philippines for Nuclear Incident Preparedness

Asaad¹,

Caraos²,

Robles³

et al. 2016

Genome Integrity

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The utility of a biological dosimeter based on the analysis of dicentrics is invaluable in the event of a radiological emergency wherein the estimated absorbed dose of an exposed individual is crucial in the proper medical management of patients. The technique is also used for routine monitoring of occupationally exposed workers to determine radiation exposure. An in vitro irradiation study of human peripheral blood lymphocytes was conducted to establish a dose-response curve for radiation-induced dicentric aberrations. Blood samples were collected from volunteer donors and together with optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) dosimeters and were irradiated at 0, 0.1, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1, 2, 4, and 6 Gy using a cobalt-60 radiotherapy unit. Blood samples were cultured for 48 h, and the metaphase chromosomes were prepared following the procedure of the International Atomic Energy Agency's Emergency Preparedness and Response – Biodosimetry 2011 manual. At least 100 metaphases were scored for dicentric aberrations at each dose point. The data were analyzed using R language program. The results indicated that the distribution of dicentric cells followed a Poisson distribution and the dose-response curve was established using the estimated model, Ydic = 0.0003 (±0.0003) +0.0336 (±0.0115) × D + 0.0236 (±0.0054) × D2. In this study, the reliability of the dose-response curve in estimating the absorbed dose was also validated for 2 and 4 Gy using OSL dosimeters. The data were fitted into the constructed curve. The result of the validation study showed that the obtained estimate for the absorbed exposure doses was close to the true exposure doses.

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“…Second, because the biological impact of exposure to neutrons is significantly greater compared to gamma rays at the same dose, having method(s) capable of detecting the dose from neutrons is very important for the military but less so for civilians. If methods can be developed to accurately prognosticate the biological impact regardless of type of radiation, it would not be necessary to assess the dose from neutrons (Vaurijoux et al 2012, Camarata et al, 2016). Third, accurately measuring dose for heterogeneous exposures is more complex (and more important for the military) and may require a combination of two or more biodosimetry methods or a more organ-specific indication of exposure and impact.…”

Section: Analysis Of Requirements For Biodosimetry Methods Based On Tmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These researchers, as well as many policy makers planning for large-scale radiation disasters, usually presume that the needs for biodosimetry methods used to triage do not differ significantly regardless of whether the targeted population was primarily civilian or military and whether the scenario is terrorism or tactical warfare. For example, Vaurijoux and colleagues (2012) proposed several critically important characteristics that all biodosimetry methods intended for guiding triage in large scale events should have, regardless of scenario, i.e., they should have a low background level, exhibit a clear dose-effect relationship for several types of radiation and at different dose-rates of exposure, be specific for ionizing radiation, be noninvasive, and have results that are available rapidly, are reproducible, and are comparable when assessed in vitro or in vivo.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluating the Special Needs of The Military for Radiation Biodosimetry for Tactical Warfare Against Deployed Troops

et al. 2016

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Objectives The aim of this paper is to delineate characteristics of biodosimetry most suitable for assessing individuals who have potentially been exposed to significant radiation from a nuclear device explosion, when the primary population targeted by the explosion and needing rapid assessment for triage is civilians vs. deployed military personnel. Methods We first carry out a systematic analysis of the requirements for biodosimetry to meet the military's needs to assess deployed troops in a warfare situation, which include accomplishing the military mission. We then systematically compare and contrast the military's special capabilities to respond and carry out biodosimetry for deployed troops in warfare, in contrast to those available to respond and conduct biodosimetry for civilians who have been targeted, e.g., by terrorists. We then compare the effectiveness of different biodosimetry methods to address military vs. civilian needs and capabilities in these scenarios and, using five representative types of biodosimetry with sufficient published data to be useful for the simulations, we estimate the number of individuals who could be assessed by military vs. civilian responders within the timeframe needed for triage decisions. Conclusions Analyses based on these scenarios indicate that, in comparison to responses for a civilian population, a wartime military response for deployed troops has both more complex requirements for and greater capabilities to utilize different types of biodosimetry to evaluate radiation exposure in a very short timeframe after the exposure occurs. Greater complexity for the deployed military is based on factors such as a greater likelihood of partial or whole body exposure, conditions that include exposure to neutrons, and a greater likelihood of combined injury. Our simulations showed, for both the military and civilian response, that a very fast rate of initiating the processing (24,000 per day) is needed to have at least some methods capable of completing the assessment of 50,000 people within a 2 or 6 day timeframe following exposure. This in turn suggests a very high capacity (i.e., laboratories, devices, supplies and expertise) would be necessary to achieve these rates. These simulations also demonstrated the practical importance of the military's superior capacity to minimize time to transport samples to offsite facilities and utilize the results to carry out triage quickly. Assuming sufficient resources and the fastest daily rate to initiate processing victims, the military scenario revealed that two biodosimetry methods could achieve the necessary throughput to triage 50,000 victims in 2 days (i.e., the timeframe needed for injured victims) and all five achieved the targeted throughput within 6 days. In contrast, simulations based on the civilian scenario revealed that no method could process 50,000 people in 2 days and only two could succeed within 6 days.

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Biological Dosimetry of Ionizing Radiation

Cited by 4 publications

References 48 publications

Chromosome Translocations, Inversions and Telomere Length for Retrospective Biodosimetry on Exposed U.S. Atomic Veterans

Chromosome Translocations, Inversions and Telomere Length for Retrospective Biodosimetry on Exposed U.S. Atomic Veterans

Enhancing Cytogenetic Biological Dosimetry Capabilities of the Philippines for Nuclear Incident Preparedness

Evaluating the Special Needs of The Military for Radiation Biodosimetry for Tactical Warfare Against Deployed Troops

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