Biological dosimetry in Russian and Italian astronauts

Greco, Olga; Durante, Marco; Gialanella, G.; Grossi, G. F.; Pugliese, M.; Scampoli, P.; Snigiryova, G.; Obe, Günter

doi:10.1016/s0273-1177(03)00087-5

Cited by 38 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Although an increase in chromosome damage was observed in some cases, the authors did not detect a correlation between flight history and chromosome damage. 37 …”

Section: Spaceflight Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interplay of space radiation and microgravity in DNA damage and DNA damage response

et al. 2017

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In space, multiple unique environmental factors, particularly microgravity and space radiation, pose constant threat to the DNA integrity of living organisms. Specifically, space radiation can cause damage to DNA directly, through the interaction of charged particles with the DNA molecules themselves, or indirectly through the production of free radicals. Although organisms have evolved strategies on Earth to confront such damage, space environmental conditions, especially microgravity, can impact DNA repair resulting in accumulation of severe DNA lesions. Ultimately these lesions, namely double strand breaks, chromosome aberrations, micronucleus formation, or mutations, can increase the risk for adverse health effects, such as cancer. How spaceflight factors affect DNA damage and the DNA damage response has been investigated since the early days of the human space program. Over the years, these experiments have been conducted either in space or using ground-based analogs. This review summarizes the evidence for DNA damage induction by space radiation and/or microgravity as well as spaceflight-related impacts on the DNA damage response. The review also discusses the conflicting results from studies aimed at addressing the question of potential synergies between microgravity and radiation with regard to DNA damage and cellular repair processes. We conclude that further experiments need to be performed in the true space environment in order to address this critical question.

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“…Although an increase in chromosome damage was observed in some cases, the authors did not detect a correlation between flight history and chromosome damage. 37 …”

Section: Spaceflight Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interplay of space radiation and microgravity in DNA damage and DNA damage response

et al. 2017

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“…Cytogenetic procedures have been previously provided in detail both for astronauts (George et al, 2001;Greco et al, 2003) and for cancer patients (Durante et al, 1999). Briefly, blood samples were collected before and after space flight (astronauts) or before and after the radiotherapy course (patients) and grown for 48 h at 37°C in RPMI medium supplemented with 20 % serum and 1 % phytohemagglutinin.…”

Section: Chromosome Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Complex chromosomal rearrangements induced in vivo by heavy ions

Durante

Andō²,

Furusawa³

et al. 2004

Cytogenet Genome Res

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It has been suggested that the ratio complex/simple exchanges can be used as a biomarker of exposure to high-LET radiation. We tested this hypothesis in vivo, by considering data from several studies that measured complex exchanges in peripheral blood from humans exposed to mixed fields of low- and high-LET radiation. In particular, we studied data from astronauts involved in long-term missions in low-Earth-orbit, and uterus cancer patients treated with accelerated carbon ions. Data from two studies of chromosomal aberrations in astronauts used blood samples obtained before and after space flight, and a third study used blood samples from patients before and after radiotherapy course. Similar methods were used in each study, where lymphocytes were stimulated to grow in vitro, and collected after incubation in either colcemid or calyculin A. Slides were painted with whole-chromosome DNA fluorescent probes (FISH), and complex and simple chromosome exchanges in the painted genome were classified separately. Complex-type exchanges were observed at low frequencies in control subjects, and in our test subjects before the treatment. No statistically significant increase in the yield of complex-type exchanges was induced by the space flight. Radiation therapy induced a high fraction of complex exchanges, but no significant differences could be detected between patients treated with accelerated carbon ions or X-rays. Complex chromosomal rearrangements do not represent a practical biomarker of radiation quality in our test subjects.

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“…Chromosomal aberrations in cosmonauts (we used the term cosmonaut except when US standards are mentioned) after long-term space missions in LEO have been measured both by Giemsa-staining (Testard et al, 1996;Obe et al, 1997;Fedorenko et al, 2001), and by chromosome painting (Yang et al, 1997;George et al, 2001a, b;Greco et al, 2003). Taken together, the results indicate that biodosimetry estimates lie within the range expected from physical dosimetry and ICRP models , hence suggesting that current risk estimates (NCRP, 2000) are indeed workable and essentially sound.…”

confidence: 99%

Chromosome aberration dosimetry in cosmonauts after single or multiple space flights

Durante

Snigiryova

Akaeva

et al. 2003

Cytogenet Genome Res

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Background and aims: Cosmic radiation is one of the main hazards for manned space exploration. Uncertainty in radiation risk estimates for crews of long-term missions are very high, and direct biological measurements are necessary. We measured chromosomal aberrations in peripheral blood lymphocytes from 33 cosmonauts involved in space missions during the past 11 years. Methods: Blood lymphocytes from the cosmonauts were stimulated to grow in vitro and were harvested at their first mitosis. Slides were either stained with Giemsa stain for dicentrics analysis, or painted with whole-chromosome DNA probes for translocation analysis (FISH). Results: A statistically significant increase in the yield of chromosomal aberrations was measured following long-term space missions in lymphocytes from cosmonauts at their first flight. No significant changes in aberration frequencies were observed for short-term taxi flights. The increase in long-term missions was consistent with the values calculated from physical dosimetry data. However, for cosmonauts involved in two or more space flights, the yield of interchromosomal exchanges was not related to the total duration of space sojourn or integral absorbed dose. Indeed, the yield of aberrations at the end of the last mission was generally in the range of background frequencies measured before the first mission. Conclusions: Chromosome aberration dosimetry can detect radiation damage during space flight, and biological measurements support the current risk estimates for space radiation exposure. However, for cosmonauts involved in multiple space missions the frequency of chromosomal aberrations is lower than expected, suggesting that the effects of repeated space flights on this particular endpoint are not simply additive. Changes in the immune system in microgravity and/or adaptive response to space radiation may explain the apparent increase in radioresistance after multiple space flights.

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Biological dosimetry in Russian and Italian astronauts

Cited by 38 publications

References 24 publications

Interplay of space radiation and microgravity in DNA damage and DNA damage response

Interplay of space radiation and microgravity in DNA damage and DNA damage response

Complex chromosomal rearrangements induced in vivo by heavy ions

Chromosome aberration dosimetry in cosmonauts after single or multiple space flights

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