Biological differences related to cultural variability during the Neolithic in a micro-geographical area of the Iberian Peninsula

López‐Onaindia, Diego; Coca, Mireia; Gibaja, Juan Francisco; Subirà, M. Eulàlia

doi:10.1007/s12520-017-0515-4

Cited by 6 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…The greater degree of variation observed for the final/late Neolithic cave burials of Sclaigneaux and Bois Madame may have been the result of a slow but steady influx of peoples, perhaps along waterways, from other loca-tions as a prelude to the population restructuring that occurred concomitantly with the onset of the Bronze Age. This seems to be the case at other locations in Eurasia (Subirà et al, 2014;Waters-Rist et al, 2016;López-Onaindia et al, 2018).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 61%

“…Iberian and Italian Neolithic burials differ in Carabelli's trait and the protostylid among other dental traits (López-Onaindia & Subirà, 2017). The protostylid on M2 and M3, the hypoconulid of M1 and M2, and the entoconulid on M2 and to a lesser extent, groove pattern and cusp number on M2, are suggested to be the most informative in separating Iberian from Italian Neolithic burials (López-Onaindia et al, 2018). The Neolithic cave burials of Belgium exhibit substantial variation in all of these traits, particularly the size of the hypocone and the expression of Carabelli's trait, and remarkable uniformity in the presence of a protostylid.…”

Section: Dental Traits Of Early Neolithic Mediterranean Sitesmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…Numerous Late Neolithic collective burials exist across Eurasia, such as the Late Neolithic-Chalcolithic collective tombs of Catalonia in which natural crevices and recesses include adults of both sexes and all ages with few grave goods (López-Onaindia et al, 2018). However, the dental morphology of only a few Late Neolithic sites have been studied in detail.…”

Section: Dental Morphology Of Late Neolithic Cave Burials Of Eurasiamentioning

confidence: 99%

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Permanent molar trait expression in the Late Neolithic cave burials of the Meuse Basin, Belgium

Williams

George

2021

DAJ

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At least 250 cave burials along the Meuse river basin of Belgium yield prehistoric remains, and most date from the Late Neolithic period. Several have been radiocarbon dated, including the early/late Neolithic deposits of Hastière Caverne M and Hastière Trou Garçon C and the final/late Neolithic caves of Sclaigneaux and Bois Madame. An additional collective burial, Maurenne Caverne de la Cave is radiocarbon dated to the Middle Neolithic and final/late Neolithic periods, circa 4,635 to 3,830 BP, encompassing the range of dates for the other collective burials. Most individuals are represented by fragmentary gnathic remains with in situ dental elements. Arizona State University Dental Anthropology System (ASUDAS) scores of permanent molars are employed to examine whether differences within and between the caves exist, and whether chronology and ecogeography can account for the variation in traits. The final/late Neolithic cave of Sclaigneaux, the most geographically distinct cave burial, and Hastière Caverne M, possibly the earliest site, emerge as the most distinctive. The final/late Neolithic sites of Sclaigneaux and Bois Madame exhibit the greatest variability of trait expression. These results bear on the mobility and continuity of human groups in Belgium during the terminus of the Neolithic prior to the Bronze Age.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 61%

Section: Dental Traits Of Early Neolithic Mediterranean Sitesmentioning

confidence: 95%

Section: Dental Morphology Of Late Neolithic Cave Burials Of Eurasiamentioning

confidence: 99%

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Permanent molar trait expression in the Late Neolithic cave burials of the Meuse Basin, Belgium

Williams

George

2021

DAJ

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“…Burial patterns during this period reveal several noteworthy findings regarding the relationship between the living and the dead. Collective funerary practices are found in a variety of locations, including Iberia, Catalonia, Italy, Poland and Siberia (Subirà et al 2014;Waters-Rist et al 2016;López-Onaindia et al 2018;Sarasketa-Gartzia et al 2018;Silvestri et al 2020).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparing maxillary first molar crown shape using elliptical Fourier analysis in the Late Neolithic cave burials of Belgium

Bryan

Williams

2021

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The Belgian Meuse karstic basin holds more than 200 Late Neolithic collective burials. Four of the largest include Hastière Caverne M, Hastière Trou Garçon C, Sclaigneaux and Bois Madame. The remains from these caves are commingled and fragmentary. However, in situ maxillary molars are well preserved permitting an investigation of molar crown shape within and across sites. Crown outlines from the burials are compared using elliptical Fourier analysis to capture shape distinctions in the relatively numerous first maxillary molars (n = 27). Elliptical Fourier analysis is designed to compare deviations between each shape outline and an idealized ellipse, recorded as amplitudes of the harmonics which are reduced to principal components (PC) scores. We expect individuals from each site will be more similar to one another than to other internments in PC scores, and that the sites will be distributed along PC axes according to differences in chronology and geographic location. Principal components analysis reveals that individuals tend to cluster together based on cave burial as well as time period. Geographic distance only differentiates the final/late Neolithic cave burials. The earliest of the sites, Hastière Caverne M, is distinctive and includes multiple outliers. Hastière Trou Garçon C from earlier in the Late Neolithic does not cluster with Hastière Caverne M as expected. Instead, this cave burial groups with Sclaigneaux, the most geographically distant site but chronologically the closest to Hastière Trou Garçon C. Although the limited sample sizes for each site must be considered, it appears that early farmers of the Belgian Meuse basin exhibited intricate human population dynamics which may have included small, semi-isolated groups early in the Late Neolithic and larger communities with greater contact toward the onset of the northern European Bronze Age.

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“…Although cremation has also been reported (Cataroche & Gowland, ; de Becdelievre, Thiol, Saligny, Granjon, & Rottier, ; de Becdelievre, Thiol, Santos, & Rottier, ; Gatto, ; Geber, Hensey, Meehan, Moore, & Kador, ; Silva, Leandro, Pereira, Costa, & Valera, ; Silva, Cunha, & Gonçalves, ), it appears to have been restricted to a relatively low number of individuals per structure/site and thus be a marginal funerary practice in recent prehistory (for a review, see Weiss‐Krejci, ). Such diversity in funerary practices has been related to interpopulation differences (Fernández‐Crespo & de‐la‐Rúa, ; Fernández‐Crespo & Schulting, ; López‐Onaindia, Coca, Gibaja, & Subirà, ), intrapopulation social‐cultural differences (Fernández‐Crespo & de‐la‐Rúa, ; Fernández‐Crespo & Schulting, ; Fontanals‐Coll, Subirà, Bonilla, Duboscq, & Gibaja, ; Valera, ), or complex multistage sequences of funerary rites (Hutchinson & Aragon, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The preburning condition of Chalcolithic cremated human remains from the Perdigões enclosures (Portugal)

Godinho

Gonçalves

Valera

2019

Intl J of Osteoarchaeology

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The Iberian Chalcolithic displayed a remarkable variety of funerary practices, which has been related to interpopulation differences, intrapopulation social‐cultural differences, and complex multistage funerary rituals. Perdigões, a Chalcolithic set of ditched enclosures, reflects such diversity including a wide array of funerary practices. Among those practices is cremation, which, despite relatively rare, is represented in different structures in Perdigões. One of these structures (Pit 40) presents an unparalleled high minimum number of individuals (n = 240), contrasting with nearby and coeval structures. In this study, we analyse heat‐induced bone changes and other archaeothanatological variables to tentatively assess the preburning condition of the human remains. The results of Pit 40 are also compared with other comparable contexts to assess if this unique context presents further funerary differences relative to those other contexts in, for example, body processing. Our results suggest preferential cremation of fleshed human remains, but burning of at least a minority of skeletonised remains and deposition of possibly unburned remains also likely occurred. Body processing appears to be comparable with that of the cremation contexts of Perdigões but contrasts with that of another nearby context (Dolmen of Olival da Pega 2b) in which burned bones were also found.

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Biological differences related to cultural variability during the Neolithic in a micro-geographical area of the Iberian Peninsula

Cited by 6 publications

References 26 publications

Permanent molar trait expression in the Late Neolithic cave burials of the Meuse Basin, Belgium

Permanent molar trait expression in the Late Neolithic cave burials of the Meuse Basin, Belgium

Comparing maxillary first molar crown shape using elliptical Fourier analysis in the Late Neolithic cave burials of Belgium

The preburning condition of Chalcolithic cremated human remains from the Perdigões enclosures (Portugal)

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