Biological Decontamination of Water Using Non-Thermal Plasma Treatment

Abstract

In this study, a low cost nano-second pulsed high voltage power system was used to generate plasma on water surface in a water treatment reactor at the expense of electrical energy. E. coli was inoculated as a model bacterial contaminant in the treatment water. The results of the bacterial counts obtained showed a 65% decrease from 244 colony forming units (CFUs) in the control to 89 CFUs in the plasma treated water that is a significant reduction of the bacterial count. In a separate experiment, methylene blue was mixed with the water as a model chemical decontaminant. The significance of an alternative decontamination method, both cost effective and safe will be an answer to the increasing scarcity of clean water all around the world. This method will especially be useful in developing countries.

First‐principles modeling of hafnia‐based nanotubes

“…The number of points in BZ was reduced inversely to the cell volume in other periodical systems to provide approximately uniform k-point spacing. The small tolerances (8,8,8,8,16) for calculation of coulomb and exchange sums [23] were applied. Kohn-Sham equations were solved iteratively to self-consistency within 3 3 10 29 eV.…”

“…All other values of m/n produce imaginary quantities according to eqs. (7) and (8). However, it is known, that the real characters of the two-dimensional representations of axial point groups can be obtained by combining the values of characters of the conjugated one-dimensional Irreps.…”

“…Several methods have already been proposed for the synthesis of 1D nanostructures. Highly ordered zirconia and hafnia nanotubes (NTs) were fabricated by atomic layer deposition (ALD) within the channels of anodic alumina, [6,7] in the pores of the nanoporous silicon, [8] or using the polymeric nanofibers as template. [9,10] Also, the highly ordered HfO 2 nanotube arrays were prepared through an electrochemical anodization [11] of Hf.…”