Biological Correlations of Suicide and Aggressivity in Major Depressions (with Melancholia): 5-Hydroxyindoleacetic Acid and Cortisol in Cerebral Spinal Fluid, Dexamethasone Suppression Test and Therapeutic Response to 5-Hydroxytryptophan

López-Ibor, Juan J; Sáiz-Ruiz, Jerónimo; Cobos, J.C. Perez de los

doi:10.1159/000118207

Cited by 98 publications

(20 citation statements)

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“…Lopez-Ibor and colleagues found that depressed suicidal patients were more likely to be nonsuppressors of cortisol, after a Dexamethasone Suppression Test (DST) (Lopez-Ibor et al, 1985). Similar findings were reported in a study by Westrin et al (Westrin and Nimeus, 2003) where suicide attempters who were nonsupressors of cortisol had higher scores on the Suicide Assessment Scale (SUAS) than suppressors, irrespective of psychiatric diagnosis.…”

Section: Our Results In Relation To Other Studiessupporting

confidence: 52%

“…In line with these results, studies from other groups also demonstrate that suicidal patients may display decreased levels of cortisol (Secunda et al, 1986;Pfennig et al, 2005). However, in contrast some studies indicate that HPA-hyperactivity is associated with suicidal behavior (Lopez-Ibor et al, 1985;Westrin and Nimeus, 2003) and completed suicide (Yerevanian et al, 2004;Coryell et al, 2006;Jokinen et al, 2007). As evident from the above, there is abundant evidence of a disturbed HPA-axis activity in suicide victims and attempters, and there is a great need for a more detailed understanding of these changes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 66%

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Salivary cortisol and suicidal behavior—A follow-up study

Lindqvist

Isaksson

Lil-Träskman-Bendz

et al. 2008

Psychoneuroendocrinology

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IntroductionHyperactivity of the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal (HPA) axis is a common finding in Major DepressiveDisorder. Similar studies on suicide attempters are less abundant, and the results are divergent. The main aim of the present study was to investigate HPA-axis parameters by the time of a suicide attempt and at follow-up in search for associations between HPA axis function and suicidal behavior. MethodsThirty-five suicide attempters and 16 non-suicidal controls were admitted to a psychiatric ward between the years of 1986 an 1992. Corticotrophin-releasing hormone (CRH) in cerebrospinal fluid and urinary cortisol were obtained for the suicide attempters. The patients were followed up approximately 12 years after the index admission. Cortisol was measured in saliva, and additional suicide attempts and current psychiatric symptoms were registered. ResultsAt follow up, evening salivary cortisol was lower in suicide attempters compared to controls. Low cortisol levels at follow up were associated with severe psychiatric symptoms. Among women, repeated suicide attempts were associated with low morning and lunch salivary cortisol, and in this subgroup we also found significant correlations between salivary cortisol at follow up, and CRH as well as urinary cortisol at index. ConclusionWe found evidence for an association between low HPA axis activity and suicidal behavior. This could be due to long lasting and severe psychiatric morbidity, which in turn has exhausted the HPA axis of these patients. The potential role of hypocortisolism should be given more attention in studies on suicidal patients.

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Section: Our Results In Relation To Other Studiessupporting

confidence: 52%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 66%

Salivary cortisol and suicidal behavior—A follow-up study

Lindqvist

Isaksson

Lil-Träskman-Bendz

et al. 2008

Psychoneuroendocrinology

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“…Serotonin dysfunction has been correlated with impulsive and violent criminal behaviors (Brown et al , 1982Lidberg et al 1985;Limson et al, 1991;Virkkunen and Närvänen 1987;Virkkunen et al 1994aVirkkunen et al , 1994b, alcohol abuse and dependence (Badawy et al 1995;Ballenger et al 1979;Banki 1981;Borg et al 1985;Moss 1987;Roy and Linnoila 1989), Gilles de la Tourette's syndrome (Butler et al 1979;Cohen et al 1978Cohen et al , 1979, bulimia (Jimerson et al 1990(Jimerson et al , 1992, and suicide attempts (Asberg et al 1976(Asberg et al , 1986Banki and Arato 1983;López-Ibor et al 1985), as well as with children institutionalized for aggressive behavior (Kruesi 1989;Kruesi et al 1990Kruesi et al , 1992.…”

Section: Plasma L -Tryptophan (Trp) Reductions Have Been Related To Amentioning

confidence: 99%

Laboratory-Measured Aggressive Behavior of Women Acute Tryptophan Depletion and Augmentation

Marsh

2002

Neuropsychopharmacology

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Plasma L -tryptophan (Trp) reductions have been related to aggression increases in men. Impairment of serotonin synthesis and neurotransmission is one explanation. Using repeated-measures, this Trp manipulation study measured laboratory-induced aggression in 12 women after Trp augmentation (T ϩ ), depletion (T Ϫ ), and food-restricted (fasting control) conditions. Participants were provoked with periodic subtraction of money from their task earnings by a (fictitious) partner. Aggression was defined as the number of point subtractions participants made from their fictitious partner. Participants completed five testing sessions under each condition. T ϩ decreased aggressive responses and T Ϫ increased aggressive responses. Post-hoc analyses showed changes in aggressive behavior were specific to women with higher fasting control plasma Trp, which is consistent with research demonstrating that men with higher levels of baseline Trp are more aggressive. These findings indicate that both T ϩ and T Ϫ can influence aggressive behavior and that certain subgroups of womenA number of psychobiological syndromes characterized by poor impulse control have been associated with low concentrations of the major serotonin (5-HT) metabolite 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Serotonin dysfunction has been correlated with impulsive and violent criminal behaviors (Brown et al. , 1982Lidberg et al. 1985;Limson et al., 1991;Virkkunen and Närvänen 1987;Virkkunen et al. 1994aVirkkunen et al. , 1994b, alcohol abuse and dependence (Badawy et al. 1995;Ballenger et al. 1979;Banki 1981;Borg et al. 1985;Moss 1987;Roy and Linnoila 1989), Gilles de la Tourette's syndrome (Butler et al. 1979;Cohen et al. 1978Cohen et al. , 1979, bulimia (Jimerson et al. 1990(Jimerson et al. , 1992, and suicide attempts (Asberg et al. 1976(Asberg et al. , 1986Banki and Arato 1983;López-Ibor et al. 1985), as well as with children institutionalized for aggressive behavior (Kruesi 1989;Kruesi et al. 1990Kruesi et al. , 1992.Direct experimental manipulation of 5-HT levels and the measurement of resultant behavior have provided stronger evidence for the connection between central nervous system (CNS) 5-HT and impulsive/aggressive behaviors. Serotonin synthesis depends on the availability of the essential amino acid tryptophan (Trp). Thus, manipulation of 5-HT can be accomplished through increases or decreases in dietary Trp, which in turn increases or decreases plasma Trp and ultimately 5-HT in the CNS Gessa et al. 1974; Online publication: 9/14/01 at www.acnp.org/citations/ Npp091401176. N EUROPSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY 2002 -VOL . 26 , NO . 5 Tryptophan and Aggression 661 Young et al. 1989). This manipulation is postulated to affect brain 5-HT because 5-HT synthesis depends primarily on Trp availability (Fernstrom 1983 (Carpenter et al. 1998;Young and Gauthier 1981), rate reductions of 5-HT synthesis in the human brain (Nishizawa et al. 1997), and blunted release of 5-HT from serotonergic neurons in vivo (Stancampiano et al. 1997). As a res...

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“…In spite of the small number o f controlled studies com paring 5-HT to placebo or to standard antidepressants, 5-HT seems to have a real antidepressant effect. Lopez-Ibor [3] showed that 5-HT therapy is effective in patients with a lowered 5-HIAA level in the CSF.…”

Section: IIImentioning

confidence: 99%

Remarks on the Therapy of Depressions with Amine Precursors

Hippius¹,

Matussek²

1986

Psychopathology

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The therapy of depressions with amine precursors is based on the hypothesis of an amine deficiency in depression. A brief review of different trials with these substances is given. However, the therapeutic effects achieved were not satisfactory, although treatment with 5-HT or with amine precursors combined with lithium or MAO-inhibitors seemed to be more successful. Furthermore, the difficulties in interpreting these somewhat disappointing results is pointed out.

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Biological Correlations of Suicide and Aggressivity in Major Depressions (with Melancholia): 5-Hydroxyindoleacetic Acid and Cortisol in Cerebral Spinal Fluid, Dexamethasone Suppression Test and Therapeutic Response to 5-Hydroxytryptophan

Cited by 98 publications

References 10 publications

Salivary cortisol and suicidal behavior—A follow-up study

Salivary cortisol and suicidal behavior—A follow-up study

Laboratory-Measured Aggressive Behavior of Women Acute Tryptophan Depletion and Augmentation

Remarks on the Therapy of Depressions with Amine Precursors

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