Biological Control of the Parasitic Copepod<i>Salmincola californiensis</i>in a Commercial Trout Hatchery on the Lower Merced River, California

Modin, J. C.; Veek, Tresa

doi:10.1577/1548-8454(2002)064<0122:bcotpc>2.0.co;2

Cited by 12 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…primarily attach to the gills, opercula, and mouth cavity of fish (Kabata and Cousens 1973), often resulting in severe gill damage and respiratory stress (Sutherland and Wittrock 1985;Mitchum 1995;Duston and Cusack 2002;Roberts et al 2004). The control methods tested to date have had limited success (Johnson and Heindel 2001;Duston and Cusack 2002;Modin and Veek 2002;Roberts et al 2004;Lester and Hayward 2006), and no chemotherapeutic treatments have been approved for use in the United States. SLICE (0.2% emamectin benzoate [EB]) is an in-feed treatment developed by Intervet/Schering-Plough (now Merck) Animal Health (Roseland, New Jersey) to control infestations of ectoparasitic crustacean sea lice (e.g., Lepeophtheirus salmonis and Caligus elongatus) in seawater-reared Atlantic salmon Salmo salar (Stone et al 1999(Stone et al , 2000b(Stone et al , 2000cISPAH 2003).…”

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confidence: 99%

Pilot Field Trial to Evaluate SLICE (0.2% Emamectin Benzoate)–Medicated Feed to Reduce a Natural Infestation of Salmincola californiensis in Freshwater‐Reared Rainbow Trout

et al. 2012

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Salmincola spp. infestations can adversely affect freshwaterreared salmonids. Control methods tested to date have had limited success; consequently, we conducted a pilot field trial to evaluate SLICE (0.2% emamectin benzoate [EB])-medicated feed to reduce a natural infestation of S. californiensis in freshwater-reared rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss. Before the trial started, 96 of 1,500 rainbow trout broodstock held in a flow-through raceway were impartially captured, sedated, uniquely tagged, and returned to the raceway. Pretreatment S. californiensis infestation prevalence and intensity were 97% and 10.4 ± 7.6 (mean ± SD) adult female parasites per fish, respectively. Treatment was administered at 50 µg EB·kg fish −1 ·d −1 for 7 d. By the end of the trial (43 d posttreatment), infestation prevalence and intensity had decreased to 32% and 1.6 ± 1.1 adult female parasites per fish, respectively. These results suggest that SLICE-medicated feed can be used to reduce natural infestations of S. californiensis in freshwater-reared rainbow trout.

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confidence: 99%

Pilot Field Trial to Evaluate SLICE (0.2% Emamectin Benzoate)–Medicated Feed to Reduce a Natural Infestation of Salmincola californiensis in Freshwater‐Reared Rainbow Trout

et al. 2012

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“…These large-scale production facilities are operated by state and federal agencies to stock large areas for public recreational fishing. One problem with this type of facility is that animals in the source water are often carriers of serious diseases that are easily spread to other fish (Kowalski and Bergersen 2003;Mitchell 2002;Modin and Veek 2002). The concrete tanks are also costly to install, are not easily modified or moved, and time consuming to clean; in addition, the concrete erodes the soft fins of the fish.…”

Section: Current Trendsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Using Aquaculture as a Post-mining Land Use in West Virginia

Miller

2008

Mine Water Environ

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Using aquaculture as a post-mining land use has resulted in financial savings in site reclamation, increased positive media attention for coal companies, and new biosecure water sources for commercial aquaculture operations in the West Virginia coal region. Large underground coal mines in Appalachia have created numerous gravity flow sources of water. These mine water sources are often nearly ideal in temperature, alkalinity, and pH for trout and have the additional value of being devoid of any serious fish pathogens. At one site, modifying the postmining land use permit to allow the water flowing from the portal of a closed mine to be used to produce commercial rainbow trout for the recreational market reduced site reclamation costs by nearly $450,000 (US). At another site, an acid mine water treatment plant was converted into a quality public fishing park with healthy warm water species (channel catfish, largemouth bass, and bluegill sunfish). The county park is now being used for educational and recreational purposes to the benefit of the whole community.

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“…A host of S. californiensis, rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum 1792), is arguably one of the most widely stocked sport fish in the world, historically stocked in over 80 countries on six continents (Halverson 2010), and gill lice have been spread through stocking, moving water and other anthropogenic activities associated with fish introductions (Sutherland & Whittrock 1985). The negative effects of S. californiensis threaten native fish and hatchery stocks of fish (Modin & Veek 2011;Gunn et al 2012;Hargis et al 2014). Improved understanding of this species' life history may provide insight into managing popular sport fish and native salmonids in the presence of gill lice.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Temperature effects on hatching and viability of Juvenile Gill Lice,Salmincola californiensis

Vigil

Christianson

Lepak

et al. 2015

Journal of Fish Diseases

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Salmonids of the genus Oncorhynchus, distributed throughout the Pacific Rim, can be infected by the gill lice species Salmincola californiensis (Dana, 1852), which makes them one of the most broadly distributed gill lice species. Despite their broad distribution and valuable obligate salmonid hosts, relatively little is known about S. californiensis. We evaluated effects of temperature on timing of S. californiensis hatching and survival of copepodids, and provide information on brood size and variability. Our results suggest that temperature was a primary driver of timing of S. californiensis hatching and post-hatching survival. Prior to this study, the free-swimming stage of S. californiensis was reported to survive approximately 2 days without a suitable host. We observed active copepodids 13 days after hatch with some individuals from most (>90%) viable egg sacs at all temperature treatments surviving ≥5 days. Our findings indicate that warmer temperatures could increase development rates of gill lice at certain life stages, potentially increasing fecundity. This information coupled with predictions that warmer water temperatures could intensify crowding of coldwater fishes, stress, and parasite transmission suggests that climate change could exacerbate negative effects of S. californiensis on ecologically and economically important salmonids.

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Biological Control of the Parasitic CopepodSalmincola californiensisin a Commercial Trout Hatchery on the Lower Merced River, California

Cited by 12 publications

References 3 publications

Pilot Field Trial to Evaluate SLICE (0.2% Emamectin Benzoate)–Medicated Feed to Reduce a Natural Infestation of Salmincola californiensis in Freshwater‐Reared Rainbow Trout

Pilot Field Trial to Evaluate SLICE (0.2% Emamectin Benzoate)–Medicated Feed to Reduce a Natural Infestation of Salmincola californiensis in Freshwater‐Reared Rainbow Trout

Using Aquaculture as a Post-mining Land Use in West Virginia

Temperature effects on hatching and viability of Juvenile Gill Lice,Salmincola californiensis

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