Biological control of Lantana camara (Verbenaceae) in South Africa

Cilliers, C. J.; Neser, S.

doi:10.1016/0167-8809(91)90139-o

Cited by 69 publications

(53 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Thus, attempts to control the invader using mechanical, chemical and biological means have met with limited success (Morton 1994, Thomas and Ellison 2000, Day et al 2003a). Additionally, this can also be attributed to a gamut of complex constituents that differ in their distribution, habitat preferences, weediness, morphology, chemical constituents, toxicity to livestock, susceptibility to herbicide treatment, and susceptibility to bio-control agents (Smith andSmith 1982, Cilliers andNeser 1991). Further, success of bio-control agents employed in controlling L. camara (including all weedy and/or invasive complex constituents) may vary from one location to another owing to differential feeding habits of the bio-control agents, their host-specificity, climatic suitability, and plant-insect interactions (Broughton 2000, Zalucki et al 2007).…”

Section: Unresolved Species Complex: An Impediment To Management Effortsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lantana camara L. (sensu lato): an enigmatic complex

Goyal¹,

Sharma²

2015

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Lantana camara L., considered among the world's worst invaders is in identity crisis and contentiously referred as Lantana camara L. (sensu lato). Taxonomic ambiguity in L. camara L. (sensu lato), a species complex is one of the grim caveats behind incompetence of its management efforts. Recognizing the extent of variability within the complex, we aim to highlight the need to circumscribe its composition to bring effective management and control efforts into practice. There is a need for clear terminology to examine weedy, naturalized and/or invasive complex constituents that have been placed under the contentious umbrella of 'L. camara L. (sensu lato)'. The time is ripe for invasion ecologists, cytogeneticists and conservationists to collaboratively focus on disentangling the complex and integrate their knowledge and expertise into management and control programs.

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Section: Unresolved Species Complex: An Impediment To Management Effortsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lantana camara L. (sensu lato): an enigmatic complex

Goyal¹,

Sharma²

2015

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“…The dry stress parameter was set at the same level (0.1) as the lower soil moisture threshold (SM0) with the stress accumulation rate set at -0.01/week. This excluded the species from the drier western parts of South Africa where it survives only as an ornamental plant (Cilliers and Neser, 1991). The wet stress threshold (SMWS) was set to 1.6 and the accumulation rate (HWS) set at 0.01/week.…”

Section: Stress Parametersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The lower (DV1) and upper (DV2) optimal temperatures were set at 25 and 30°C, respectively, based on seasonal phenology at Iguazu, and these provided a good fit to the observed South American, Asian and South African distribution. The lower moisture threshold (SM0) was set at 0.1 which excluded (Cilliers and Neser, 1991). Lantana grows well during the months of January to March in Iguazu (Winder, 1980) and thus the lower (SM1) and upper (SM2) optimum moisture thresholds were set at 0.5 and 1.2, respectively, to improve species growth during these months.…”

Section: Growth Parametersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impacts of climate change on invasive Lantana camara L. distribution in South Africa

Taylor¹,

Kumar²

2014

Afr. J. Environ. Sci. Technol.

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Climate change and invasive species are now seen as two major contributors to global biodiversity change. The combined effects of these two factors have serious implications for biodiversity and agriculture. Lantana camara L. (sensu lato) (lantana) is a woody shrub that is highly invasive in many countries of the world including South Africa where it has a profound impact on biodiversity, water resources and agriculture. Strategies to manage and control this highly noxious weed will benefit from information on its likely potential distribution under current and future climate. CLIMEX, a species distribution modelling software, was used to develop a process-oriented niche model to estimate its potential distribution under current and future climate scenarios. Model calibration was carried out with phenological observations and geographic distribution records of lantana. The potential distribution of lantana under current climate showed a good match to its current distribution in South Africa. Under future scenarios, the climatically suitable areas for lantana were projected to contract in the northern provinces of Limpopo and Mpumalanga as well as coastal areas of Western Cape Province. However, lantana's potential distribution may expand further inland into new areas in KwaZulu-Natal and Eastern Cape provinces. The results suggest that lantana management initiatives in areas where climatic suitability is likely to decline should focus on controlling the density of invasion rather than curbing range expansion. On the other hand, areas where climatic suitability is projected to increase will require ongoing monitoring to prevent further range expansions.

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“…Lantana camara, originally from Central and South America, is a thicket-forming shrub that has spread from gardens into pastures, woodlands and forests, where it competes for resources and reduces the productivity of pastures and forest plantations (Cilliers and Neser 1991, Baars and Neser 1999, Day and Neser 2000. Lantana is a threat to biodiversity in several countries such as Australia, India, the United States (Hawaii) and South Africa (Day and Neser 2000).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Since the initiation of lantana biological control program, 24 different agent species have been released, aimed at imposing cumulative stress on the plant (Cilliers 1983, Denoth et al 2002 in the hope that the combined effect of the agents would increase plant damage and result in better control of the weed (Cilliers and Neser 1991, Baars and Neser 1999, Day and Neser 2000, Simelane and Phenye 2005. So far twelve of the agent species have become established on L. camara, with eight of these feeding and developing on the same part of the plant, the leaves (Baars and Neser 1999, Baars 2003b, Simelane 2006.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Interaction BetweenUroplata girardi(Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) andOphiomyia camarae(Diptera: Agromyzidae) on a Shared HostLantana camara(Verbenaceae)

2011

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Multiple releases of insect agents intended to target a single plant pest species could result in competitive interactions that in turn might affect the community structure of the phytophagous insects. Two leaf-feeding biological control agents, Uroplata girardi Pic (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) and Ophiomyia camarae Spencer (Dipetera: Agromyzidae), were released against the weed Lantana camara L. (Verbenaceae) in South Africa in the 1970s and 2001, respectively. Since the population explosion of O. camarae in 2005, a decline of U. girardi populations had been observed in KwaZulu-Natal (KZN) humid coast, leading to speculation that negative interaction may be operating between the agents. The study therefore was conducted to determine the competitive effect of O. camarae on U. girardi. The study showed that 76% of O. camarae larval mines were formed on uninfested (clean) compared with only 24% formed on U. girardi-infested leaves, suggesting that the ßy chose to lay more eggs on clean leaves. Almost the same number of U. girardi larval mines was formed on both O. camarae-infested and clean leaves, indicating that U. girardi females in this case oviposited indiscriminately on the two types of leaves. The survival of U. girardi was 53.8% when reared on clean leaves compared with only 14.6% survival on O. camarae-infested leaves. At the end of the sampling period, densities of U. girardi was over two times higher in single-species than in combinedspecies treatment. Releasing both agents together did not signiÞcantly affect O. camarae densities during the sampling period. In the Þeld, O. camarae densities increased rapidly from spring to autumn, whereas those of U. girardi remained consistently low during the same period. The bias toward oviposition on clean leaves in O. camarae enables its larvae to avoid unfavorable encounters with U. girardi larvae, thus enhancing its development and survival. The apparent inability of U. girardi to distinguish between suitable and unsuitable leaves for oviposition could compromise the Þtness of this beetle, and this could explain the suppression of U. girardi populations during summer when O. camarae populations begin to increase rapidly. This study provides evidence for an asymmetric interaction between two introduced agents, and therefore highlights the importance of conducting interaction studies on agents with extensive niche overlap before their release into the environment.

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Biological control of Lantana camara (Verbenaceae) in South Africa

Cited by 69 publications

References 17 publications

Lantana camara L. (sensu lato): an enigmatic complex

Lantana camara L. (sensu lato): an enigmatic complex

Impacts of climate change on invasive Lantana camara L. distribution in South Africa

Interaction BetweenUroplata girardi(Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) andOphiomyia camarae(Diptera: Agromyzidae) on a Shared HostLantana camara(Verbenaceae)

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