Biological Control of Insects

Bosch, Robert van den

doi:10.1146/annurev.es.02.110171.000401

Cited by 51 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…In the extreme case where there is no variation in host density per unit area, no amount of aggregation affects the outcome. Of course, the success of biological control depends in the first place on the suitability of the chosen natural enemy or enemies within a broader context (Messenger 1971;van den Bosch 1971;Zwolfer 1971). Thus, specific parasites are likely to be more effective than widely polyphagous ones which will interact with their hosts in quite different ways.…”

Section: Biological Controlmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stability in Insect Host-Parasite Models

Hassell¹,

May²

1973

The Journal of Animal Ecology

841

345

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S.A. t We shall refer in this paper to 'hosts' and 'parasites' (= parasitoids) rather than to 'prey' and 'predators'. This is not because prey-predator interactions are fundamentally different, but they are usually more complex, especially in that the predator reproductive rate is often only loosely dependent on the number of prey eaten and because the immature stages have specific searching characteristics which vary during their development.

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Section: Biological Controlmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stability in Insect Host-Parasite Models

Hassell¹,

May²

1973

The Journal of Animal Ecology

841

345

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“…Biological control (the use of natural enemies to control pests), is arguably the best solution for phasing out large‐scale pesticide use (Thomas & Willis, 1998; Bale, van Lenteren, & Bigler, 2008). It has been broadly applied for hundreds of years and to great success in both greenhouse and open field systems worldwide (van den Bosch, 1971; Stiling & Cornelissen, 2005). Most research into the fundamentals of biological control has been from an ecological perspective, focusing on aspects such as optimal foraging and risk monitoring (Wajnberg, Bernstein, & van Alphen, 2008; Heimpel & Mills, 2017).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Next‐generation biological control: the need for integrating genetics and genomics

et al. 2020

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Biological control is widely successful at controlling pests, but effective biocontrol agents are now more difficult to import from countries of origin due to more restrictive international trade laws (the Nagoya Protocol). Coupled with increasing demand, the efficacy of existing and new biocontrol agents needs to be improved with genetic and genomic approaches. Although they have been underutilised in the past, application of genetic and genomic techniques is becoming more feasible from both technological and economic perspectives. We review current methods and provide a framework for using them. First, it is necessary to identify which biocontrol trait to select and in what direction. Next, the genes or markers linked to these traits need be determined, including how to implement this information into a selective breeding program. Choosing a trait can be assisted by modelling to account for the proper agro‐ecological context, and by knowing which traits have sufficiently high heritability values. We provide guidelines for designing genomic strategies in biocontrol programs, which depend on the organism, budget, and desired objective. Genomic approaches start with genome sequencing and assembly. We provide a guide for deciding the most successful sequencing strategy for biocontrol agents. Gene discovery involves quantitative trait loci analyses, transcriptomic and proteomic studies, and gene editing. Improving biocontrol practices includes marker‐assisted selection, genomic selection and microbiome manipulation of biocontrol agents, and monitoring for genetic variation during rearing and post‐release. We conclude by identifying the most promising applications of genetic and genomic methods to improve biological control efficacy.

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“…This gives an indication that in nature, competition between the parasitoids may not be detrimental to the overall larval parasitism. Miller (1977), Ehler (1977), Huffaker et al (1971) and van den Bosch (1971) have strongly refuted the claim that competition between parasitoids could lead to reduced control of the pest.…”

Section: Mass Exposure Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Competitive interaction between two ichneumonid parasitoids of Spodoptera litura

Bajpai¹,

Ballal²,

Rao³

et al. 2006

Biocontrol

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The outcome of competition between Campoletis chlorideae Uchida and Eriborus argenteopilosus (Cameron) (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae), two indigenous larval parasitoids of the noctuid pest, Spodoptera litura (Fabricius), was investigated in the laboratory by way of two experiments. In the individual exposure experiment, the host larvae were exposed to the parasitoids either alone or one after the other at different time intervals and were considered to be parasitised when the parasitoid was observed to sting the host larva. When they stung the host larva singly, the parasitism rates by C. chlorideae and E. argenteopilosus was either similar to or higher than the parasitism recorded by each parasitoid in the different combination/interaction treatments. C. chlorideae cocoons were formed from majority of the host larvae, which were stung by both parasitoid species, one after the other, in most oviposition orders and delays between ovipositions. E. argenteopilosus appeared to be the dominant parasitoid only in those treatments where it was the first one to parasitise and the delay in C. chlorideae parasitism was more than 18 h. and it never dominated the interactions, when it was the second one to parasitise. This implied that C. chlorideae had an almost consistent advantage over E. argenteopilosus. In the mass exposure experiment, the two parasitoid species (either alone or together) were allowed to forage and parasitise the host larvae in cages. When the two parasitoid species were allowed to forage in the same host patch simultaneously, the performance of C. chlorideae when it was alone was statistically similar to its performance in the presence of E. argenteopilosus. However, E. argenteopilosus performed better when it could forage alone. The results of both experiments revealed that C. chlorideae was the more competitive of the two species.

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Biological Control of Insects

Cited by 51 publications

References 39 publications

Stability in Insect Host-Parasite Models

Stability in Insect Host-Parasite Models

Next‐generation biological control: the need for integrating genetics and genomics

Competitive interaction between two ichneumonid parasitoids of Spodoptera litura

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