Biological control of fungal sclerotia in soil

Smith, A.M.

doi:10.1016/0038-0717(72)90003-x

Cited by 43 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…For example, exposure of S. sclerotiorum to alternating wet and dry conditions (74), desiccation (H.C. Huang, unpublished), or freezing (41) caused injury to sclerotia. These injured sclerotia germinated myceliogenically, causing infection and wilt of sunflower (50).…”

mentioning

confidence: 98%

“…A completely melanized rind is needed to prevent immediate myceliogenic germination and to foster dormancy of sclerotia. Myceliogenic germination is induced, however, by the presence of nutrients, either exogenous (2) or leaked from injured sclerotia (18,39,74). Sclerotial injury occurs following alternating wet and dry conditions (74), desiccation (H.C. Huang, unpublished), or exposure to sub-freezing temperatures (41).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Ecological basis of biological control of soilborne plant pathogens

Huang¹

1992

Canadian Journal of Plant Pathology

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confidence: 98%

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confidence: 99%

Ecological basis of biological control of soilborne plant pathogens

Huang¹

1992

Canadian Journal of Plant Pathology

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“…This leakage would facilitate the removal of nutrients, which would induce rapid colonization by soil microorganisms and subsequent decay within a couple of weeks (Smith, 1972). Similarly, in the present study submerging in flooded soil and sublethal heating of S. rolfsii sclerotia may have enhanced nutrient leakage, resulting in increased invasion by anaerobic soil bacteria as observed in the light microscopy and SEM sections.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 53%

Effect of flooding on the viability and pathogenicity of sclerotia ofSclerotium rolfsiiin Malaysian soil∗

Meon

Tanaka

1995

International Journal of Pest Management

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Sclerotial viability of Sclerotium rolfsii, the seedling blight and collar rot pathogen of chilli, decreased rapidly with time of submerging in flooded field soil. Viability was reduced to 10% 9 days after submerging. No reduction was observed in sclerotia submerged in non-sterilized tap water. Loss of viability resulted in complete loss of pathogenicity. Nongerminated sclerotia became soft and broke easily. Maceration of cortical cells was common. A bacteria-like organism was consistently associated with the ruptured and macerated sclerotia. In glasshouse studies, soil flooded at a high temperature decreased the viability of the sclerotia; this was reflected in a reduced incidence of seedling blight and collar rot on chilli seedlings. The incidence of seedling blight was recorded as 43-7% in the non-flooded soil, 10.2% in flooded soil and 12.3% in the planter that had received an application of Brassicol. However, incidence of collar rot was 25.3% and 28.1 % in the flooded and fungicide-amended soils respectively and 58.1% in the non-flooded pots. It is concluded that satisfactory control of seedling blight and collar rot of chilli can be achieved by flooding.

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“…It has been shown that drying and wetting of sclerotia causes a release of exudates that promotes attack by microorganisms (Smith, 1972). However, in this laboratory-based system there was no drying and wetting of sclerotia, which would occur naturally in field or glasshouse situations.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Effect of Combined Treatment of Pasteurisation and Coniothyrium minitans on Sclerotia of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum in Soil

2005

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Integrated control of soil-borne plant pathogens such as Sclerotinia sclerotiorum is becoming more important as the soil fumigant methyl bromide is being phased out of use. Two alternative methods of control that have been found to reduce viability of sclerotia are steam sterilisation (pasteurisation) of soil or the application of the mycoparasite Coniothyrium minitans. This work investigated the possibility of integrating these two control measures. Soil was pasteurised in an autoclave, using a temperature of 80°C for 3 min to simulate the possible temperatures reached by soil steaming machines for field use. Coniothyrium minitans was subsequently applied to the pasteurised soil to assess the effects of the combination of control measures in reducing sclerotial viability of S. sclerotiorum. Similar results were found in two soil types. Either method used individually was effective in decreasing the number of viable sclerotia, but no further reduction in sclerotial viability was seen when the two methods were combined. Coniothyrium minitans was found to colonise pasteurised sclerotia significantly quicker than untreated sclerotia, and it was seen that there was an increase in number of C. minitans in pasteurised soil in the presence of sclerotia. Experiments were also conducted to investigate the effect of application timing of the biocontrol agent to soil following pasteurisation, in relation to sclerotial infection. Here, two different isolates of S. sclerotiorum were used, with similar results. Application of C. minitans to soil immediately following pasteurisation resulted in sclerotial infection by the mycoparasite, but application 7 days or more after soil pasteurisation resulted in low recovery of the biocontrol agent from sclerotia, possibly due to the mycoparasite being masked by the presence of other fungi which colonised the sclerotia first.

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Biological control of fungal sclerotia in soil

Cited by 43 publications

References 9 publications

Ecological basis of biological control of soilborne plant pathogens

Ecological basis of biological control of soilborne plant pathogens

Effect of flooding on the viability and pathogenicity of sclerotia ofSclerotium rolfsiiin Malaysian soil∗

Effect of Combined Treatment of Pasteurisation and Coniothyrium minitans on Sclerotia of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum in Soil

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