Biological Control of Coccids by Introduced Natural Enemies

DeBach, Paul; Rosen, David; Kennett, C. E.

doi:10.1007/978-1-4615-6531-4_7

Cited by 130 publications

(161 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…In fact, natural enemies must search for their prey, they are generally very mobile and spend a considerable time moving across plant tissue. This increases the likelihood that they will contact the insecticide and indicates that natural enemies are generally more adversely affected by chemical insecticides than the target pest, and even worse pest populations may be induced by the application of insecticides which kill both the pest and their natural enemies (Debach, 1974).…”

Section: Accepted Manuscriptmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Optimum timing for integrated pest management: Modelling rates of pesticide application and natural enemy releases

Tang

Cheke

2010

Journal of Theoretical Biology

113

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This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. As a service to our customers we are providing this early version of the manuscript. The manuscript will undergo copyediting, typesetting, and review of the resulting galley proof before it is published in its final citable form. Please note that during the production process errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain. peer-00585804, version 1 -14 Apr 2011Author manuscript, published in "Journal of Theoretical Biology 264, 2 (2010) 623" DOI : 10.1016/j.jtbi.2010.02.034 A c c e p t e d m a n u s c r i p t A c c e p t e d m a n u s c r i p tAbstract Many factors including pest natural enemy ratios, starting densities, timings of natural enemy releases, dosages and timings of insecticide applications and instantaneous killing rates of pesticides on both pests and natural enemies can affect the success of IPM control programmes. To address how such factors influence successful pest control, hybrid impulsive pest-natural enemy models with different frequencies of pesticide sprays and natural enemy releases were proposed and analyzed. With releasing both more or less frequent than the sprays, a stability threshold condition for a pest eradication periodic solution is provided.Moreover, the effects of times of spraying pesticides (or releasing natural enemies) and control tactics on the threshold condition were investigated with regard to the extent of depression or resurgence resulting from pulses of pesticide applications.Multiple attractors from which the pest population oscillates with different amplitudes can coexist for a wide range of parameters and the switch-like transitions among these attractors showed that varying dosages and frequencies of insecticide applications and the numbers of natural enemies released are crucial.To see how the pesticide applications could be reduced, we developed a model involving periodic releases of natural enemies with chemical control applied only when the densities of the pest reached the given Economic Threshold. The results indicate that the pest outbreak period or frequency largely depends on the initial densities and the control tactics.

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Section: Accepted Manuscriptmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In extreme cases of such antagonism, often called resurgence, pest populations may be increased by the application of insecticides which kill both the pest and their natural enemies (Barclay, 1982;Debach, 1974;Ruberson, 1998). So it is important to know how such antagonistic pesticides affect the outcomes of pest control measures.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimum timing for integrated pest management: Modelling rates of pesticide application and natural enemy releases

Tang

Cheke

2010

Journal of Theoretical Biology

113

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“…method of arthropod pest suppression (Ehler, 1998;Landis et al, 2000). DeBach (1974) defines conservation biological control as ''ymanipulation of the environment to favor natural enemies, either by removing or mitigating adverse factors or by providing lacking requisites''. This broad definition emphasizes the fundamental importance of conservation to all approaches of biological control.…”

Section: Conservation Biological Controlmentioning

confidence: 99%

Conservation and evaluation of natural enemies in IPM systems for Bemisia tabaci

2001

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Conservation biological control emphasizes the preservation and enhancement of natural enemies and is the cornerstone of all approaches to biological control. This review critically examines recent and current research efforts in conservation biological control by predators and parasitoids of Bemisia tabaci worldwide. A large number of natural enemy species have been identified from many agricultural systems. Further research has demonstrated that these natural enemies may act along with other mortality agents to inflict high levels of mortality on populations of B. tabaci. Less effort has been placed on determining the factors constraining or potentially enhancing biological control. The widespread use of broad-spectrum insecticides in many crops has severely hampered the contribution of predators and parasitoids to pest suppression. However, the arsenal of selective insecticides has grown in the past decade and their increased usage may permit the true integration of biological control into IPM systems. The effects of species interactions (e.g., intraguild predation) and host-plant attributes on disruption of biological control are poorly understood in most systems. Research in the area of habitat manipulation and enhancement is minimal. Very little research has addressed the evaluation of natural enemy effects on B. tabaci population dynamics in any system. As a result our ability to predict and exploit these effects for pest suppression are limited. Problems in estimating and interpreting parasitism are highlighted. Recent life table studies of B. tabaci in Arizona cotton are summarized to demonstrate how integration of natural enemies with use of selective insecticides resulted in the development of an efficient pest management system. Avenues for future research are discussed that may enhance the use of conservation biological control as a key tactic in IPM of B. tabaci. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd.

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“…There are four major approaches to biological control in agricultural, greenhouse, and urban ecosystems to day are: 1) classical, which can be defined as the importation and establishment of natural enemies, which achieves control of the target pest with further assistance; 2) environmental manipulation, which encompasses a broad range of techniques including use of alternative prey, addition of the pest itself, use of attractants or subsidiary foods, and modifying cropping practices; 3) periodic augmentative releases of natural enemies, which provide an immediate or a delayed (through reproduction) effect on the pest population; and 4) preservation of existing natural enemy fauna through the development of minimally disruptive management techniques [5], [11]. There are many examples of success using of the biological control, such as the complex of imported parasites, which controls alfalfa weevil [15], or augmentative releases of natural enemies, which have been applied in greenhouses in Europe for control of many vegetables pests [11].…”

Section: Optimal Pest Control Problem In Population Dynamicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimal pest control problem in population dynamics

Rafikov¹,

Balthazar²

2005

Mat. apl. comput.

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Abstract.One of the main goals of the pest control is to maintain the density of the pest population in the equilibrium level below economic damages. For reaching this goal, the optimal pest control problem was divided in two parts. In the first part, the two optimal control functions were considered. These functions move the ecosystem pest -natural enemy at an equilibrium state below the economic injury level. In the second part, the one optimal control function stabilizes the ecosystem in this level, minimizing the functional that characterizes quadratic deviations of this level. The first problem was resolved through the application of the Maximum Principle of Pontryagin. The Dynamic Programming was used for the resolution of the second optimal pest control problem.Mathematical subject classification: 92D25, 34H05, 49N90.

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Biological Control of Coccids by Introduced Natural Enemies

Cited by 130 publications

References 23 publications

Optimum timing for integrated pest management: Modelling rates of pesticide application and natural enemy releases

Optimum timing for integrated pest management: Modelling rates of pesticide application and natural enemy releases

Conservation and evaluation of natural enemies in IPM systems for Bemisia tabaci

Optimal pest control problem in population dynamics

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