“…Several inoculation methods have been used by different research groups. The main methods used are the scalpel or scissors previously dipped in bacterial suspension (Bulk et al, 1991;Poysa 1993;Francis et al, 2001;Kaneishiro et al,2006;Mohd Nadzir et al, 2019), the root-dipping in bacterial suspension (Poysa 1993;Abo-Elyousr et al, 2019), stem injection of the bacterial suspension with a syringe (Milijašević-Marčić et al, 2012;EPPO, 2016;Osdaghi et al, 2018;Takishita et al, 2018), the soil/media drench method (Mohd Nadzir et al, 2019;Oloyede et al, 2021), and the application of a bacterial solution to a wound (Chalupowicz et al 2017;Thapa et al 2020). Some studies have compared more than one method, finding, for example, that plants showed more symptoms when inoculated with scissors dipped in bacterial suspension than the roots-dipping method (Poysa, 1993).…”