Biological Control of Alternaria Leaf Spot Caused by Alternaria spp. in Jerusalem Artichoke (Helianthus tuberosus L.) under Two Fertilization Regimes

Abstract

The objectives of this study were to evaluate the efficacy of integrating resistant genotypes of Jerusalem artichoke with Trichoderma harzianum isolate T9 to control Alternaria leaf spot caused by Alternaria spp. under two fertilization regimes and to determine whether T9 application induced chitinase and β-1,3-glucanase activity in Jerusalem artichoke leaves. Six Jerusalem artichoke varieties (resistant varieties JA15, JA86, and JA116 and susceptible varieties HEL246, HEL293, and JA109) and three disease control methods (a non-inoculated control, application of T. harzianum T9, and fungicide sprays (propiconazole at a rate of 30 mL/20 L of water, 375 ppm)) was conducted in two separate trials (different fertilization regimes) at the experimental farm of the Faculty of Agriculture, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand. Resistant genotypes controlled Alternaria leaf spot effectively. Application of Trichoderma showed low efficacy to control Alternaria leaf spot, but in specific susceptible genotypes—HEL246 and HEL293—the application of Trichoderma could reduce disease severity up to 10%. The application of Trichoderma was associated with a rise in production of chitinase and β-1,3-glucanase in HEL246 seedlings. The number of Trichoderma propagules in soil, as well as the extent of colonization of roots and leaves, were monitored. The results indicated that application of Trichoderma had higher propagules than non-inoculated control. Neither varietal resistance nor the disease control methods used in this study impacted the yield or yield components of Jerusalem artichoke.

Metabolite Analysis of Jerusalem Artichoke (Helianthus tuberosus L.) Seedlings in Response to Polyethylene Glycol-Simulated Drought Stress

“…Jerusalem artichoke ( H. tuberosus L.) is a hardy perennial crop in the family Asteraceae, with high adaptability to barren lands, such as salinized land and soil with high sediment, and is suitable for growing in dry, cold, and sunny climates [ 7 , 8 ]. Jerusalem artichokes are an important cash crop and can be used as human food [ 9 ], animal feedstock [ 10 , 11 ], and raw materials in the production of pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, biofuels [ 12 ], and ecological restoration [ 13 ].…”

Antagonistic properties of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum MYSVB1 against Alternaria alternata: a putative probiotic strain isolated from the banyan tree fruit

“…Alternaria disease is traditionally managed by applying chemical fungicides through spray treatments. Few studies reported success in controlling the disease in various crops, including Solanum tuberosum, Capsicum annuum, sunflower, and Jerusalem artichoke (Viriyasuthee et al, 2019). However, due to evolving agricultural policies, aiming to reduce pesticide use by up to 50% by 2030 and the adverse effects of such fungicides, there is a need for innovative strategies.…”

“…However, due to evolving agricultural policies, aiming to reduce pesticide use by up to 50% by 2030 and the adverse effects of such fungicides, there is a need for innovative strategies. The use of resistant genotypes and biocontrol methods involving Trichoderma sp., however, have proven effective in peanuts, sunflower, chili, and aloe vera (Viriyasuthee et al, 2019) but not widely studied.…”

Trichoderma and its role in biological control of plant fungal and nematode disease

“…can produce bioactive substances and have antagonistic effects on plant-pathogenic fungi and plant-pathogenic nematodes ( Şesan et al, 2020 ; Abdelkhalek et al, 2022 ; Organo et al, 2022 ; Rao et al, 2022 ). Bioactive substances, including secondary metabolites and cell wall-degrading enzymes, can effectively improve the resistance of crops, reduce plant diseases, and promote plant growth ( Domínguez et al, 2016 ; Viriyasuthee et al, 2019 ; Jaiswal et al, 2020 ; Tseng et al, 2020 ).…”