Biological conservation through marine protected areas in the presence of alternative stable states

Ghosh, Bapan; Pal, Debprasad; Kar, Tapan Kumar; Valverde, Jose C.

doi:10.1016/j.mbs.2017.02.004

Cited by 19 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Conservationists may aim to modify the potential in such a way as to eliminate the less favourable state and force the population to a different, more favourable state, one for which the population size is larger. For instance, the practice of quarantining large areas to fishing helps to increase the population of fish stocks by eliminating one state in favour of an other (Ghosh et al 2017).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Population response to environmental change: A model with an alternate stable state

2017

Syme, G., Hatton MacDonald, D., Fulton, B. And Piantadosi, J. (Eds) MODSIM2017, 22nd International Congress on Modelling and Si

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In ecology, the theory of alternative stable states predicts that ecosystems can exist under multiple "states". Ecosystems may transition from one stable state to another, in what is known as a state shift. Typically such shifts are considered as instantaneous and isolated non-interacting events resulting from environmental shocks, whose dynamics resemble the dynamics of a ball in a "potential well". More often however, ecological systems are subject to continuous variation due to environmental drivers such as rainfall, temperature, among others, and these interact with the ecosystem dynamics to alter the potential well. Such drivers are known to impact intra-species interactions. We explore a single species population model with logistic-like growth and a variable crowding parameter that measures the strength of the intra-species interaction. The crowding parameter is treated as a state-variable whose dynamics is described via a potential function subject to external environmental drivers.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Population response to environmental change: A model with an alternate stable state

2017

Syme, G., Hatton MacDonald, D., Fulton, B. And Piantadosi, J. (Eds) MODSIM2017, 22nd International Congress on Modelling and Si

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“…To investigate the effect of a marine reserve, I employ a common two-patch model (e.g., [18,52,54]) where one patch is open to fishing (i = 1; with fraction 1 − α), the other patch (i = 2; with fraction α) is protected from fishing (i.e., f = 0), and migration connects the two patches ( Fig. 1).…”

Section: Basic Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Migration connects the two patches at a species-specific rate, and affects the degree of spillover from the marine reserve. This creates source-sink dynamics between the fishing ground and marine reserve, and this is a common structure of existing spatially-explicit models (e.g., [12,18,39,52]). The two-patch model also allows us to examine different migration modes [3], such as positive/negative density-dependent, as well as density-independent migration.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

On the spillover effect and optimal size of marine reserves for sustainable fishing yields

Takashina

2019

Preprint

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Marine reserves are an essential component of model fisheries management. As implementing marine reserves induces an inherent tradeoff between the harvesting and conservation, to solidify the insight into fisheries management with marine reserves is fundamental for management success. Finding an optimal reserve size that improves the fishing yield is not only theoretical interest but also practically important to assess the underlying tradeoffs and to facilitate decision making. Also, since the species migration determines the degree of the spillover effect from a marine reserve, it is a key consideration to explore the performance of marine reserve. Here, we investigate an optimal reserve fraction and its management outcome under various spillover strength via a simple two-patch mathematical model, in which one patch is open to fishing, and the other is protected from fishing activities. The two-patch model is approximated by a single population dynamics when the migration rate is sufficiently larger than the growth rate of a target species. In this limit, it is shown that an optimal reserve size exists when the pre-reserve fishing is operated at the fishing mortality larger than the f M SY , the fishing mortality at the maximum sustainable yield (MSY). Also, the fishing yield with the optimal reserve size becomes as large as MSY in the limit. Numerical simulations across various migration rates between two patches suggest that the maximum harvest under the management with a marine reserve is achieved in this limit, and this contrasts with the conservation benefit in which is maximized at the intermediate migration rate.

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“…Given increased discussions concerning the high seas closure (Sumaila et al 2007;Leenhardt et al 2013;Lubchenco and Grorud-Colvert 2015), further insight into the potential impacts of MPA establishment on non-cooperative management, which is likely to occur in the high seas, or fisheries targeting a species that traverses multiple EEZs, would be of critically importance to predict management outcomes and give management implications to reduce the risk of producing a 'tragedy of the commons'. Although with prevalence of the tragedy of commons in fisheries management, previous researches of MPA management typically focus on the case of sole-owner management, where competition does not occur (e.g., Neubert 2003;Takashina et al 2012;Kar and Ghosh 2013;Takashina and Mougi 2014;Ghosh et al 2017). Limited research has been conducted on the strategic decision-making of fishers in the context of MPA management (Punt et al 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of marine reserve establishment on non-cooperative fisheries management

Takashina

Lee

Possingham

2017

Ecological Modelling

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Introducing effective marine reserves is a critical issue in fisheries management and marine ecosystem conservation. In recent years, a number of marine reserves or no-take marine protected areas (MPAs) have been implemented worldwide, and some MPAs have shown ecological and economic benefits. However, consideration for coordinated competition between institutions, a central for successful resource management, is often omitted in research on effective MPA management. Given increasing discussions on implementing MPAs in the high seas, where international fisheries often exemplify the tragedy of the commons, understanding potential competition between institutions can affect MPA management. With this in mind, we aimed to gain generic insight into non-cooperative fisheries management with MPAs. Specifically, we explored the effect of MPA establishment on (1) competition strength between fishery institutions, (2) fish population abundance resulting from the competition, and (3) distribution of the gross fishery profit between institutions. To approach these questions, we developed a minimal model that accounts a non-cooperative behavior of fishery institutions and population dynamics under the MPAs management. We demonstrate that, given a small price-to-cost ratio, a prominent increase in fishery competition could occur as a result of introducing an MPA, leading to reductions in fisheries profits and fish population abundance, and greater unevenness in distribution of the gross fishery profit. Intensified fishery competition was typically observed in the case where the rate of population exchange between the fishing grounds and the MPA is not large, and the fraction of the MPA is intermediate, suggesting that regulation agreements will be required to coordinate the competitive harvesting.

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Biological conservation through marine protected areas in the presence of alternative stable states

Cited by 19 publications

References 33 publications

Population response to environmental change: A model with an alternate stable state

Population response to environmental change: A model with an alternate stable state

On the spillover effect and optimal size of marine reserves for sustainable fishing yields

Effect of marine reserve establishment on non-cooperative fisheries management

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