Abstract. Xp11.2 translocation renal cell carcinoma (RCC) with transcription factor E3 (TFE3) gene fusion is a rare tumor, and the prognosis of this tumor is poorer compared with that of other subtypes of RCC. The patient presented herein was a 70-year-old man who presented with a solid mass sized ~8.2x6.1 cm in the right kidney and underwent radical right nephrectomy. Following pathological and immunohistochemical (IHC) examination and fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH), the patient was diagnosed with Xp11.2 translocation RCC with TFE3 gene fusion. These tumors are more commonly encountered in children rather than in adults, and adult Xp11.2 translocation RCC is associated with a poorer prognosis compared with its pediatric counterpart. IHC assay and FISH are important diagnostic methods. However, there is currently no established effective treatment for Xp11.2 RCC.
IntroductionThe most common type of kidney cancer is renal cell carcinoma (RCC), constituting ~85% of malignant renal tumors and 3-6% of all adult malignancies (1). RCC is a heterogeneous malignancy, the most common histological subtypes being clear-cell (60-75%), papillary (10-15%), chromophobe (5%), and collecting duct carcinoma, each of which are associated with specific histopathological and genetic characteristics. In the 2004 World Health Organization renal tumor classification, the Xp11.2 translocation RCC with TFE3 gene fusion is described as a distinct entity (2). Furthermore, Xp11.2 translocation RCCs have been reported as being more aggressive and having a poorer prognosis compared with other subtypes of RCC (3). In addition, Xp11.2 translocation RCCs are generally considered a pediatric cancer, accounting for 20-40% of pediatric RCCs and only 1-1.6% of adult RCCs (4,5). In addition, adult Xp11.2 translocation RCC has a poorer prognosis compared with its pediatric counterpart (6). This type of RCC is generally characterized by a range of translocations on chromosome Xp11.2 leading to a gene fusion between TFE3 and at least 6 possible partners (7). The diagnosis of Xp11.2 translocation RCC is based on fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) rather than histological characteristics and imaging examination (8). The majority of patients with Xp11.2 translocation RCC present at a more advanced stage compared with conventional RCC (9). Surgical resection is considered as the most effective method for the treatment of Xp11.2 translocation RCC.We herein report a rare case involving an elderly patient with Xp11.2 translocation RCC with TFE3 gene fusion, and review the relevant literature.
Case reportA 70-year-old man was diagnosed with a solid mass in the right kidney during a routine health examination and consulted a doctor at the Department of Urology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital (Shenzhen, China) on June 9, 2015. The patient was healthy prior to the discovery of the tumor, and he had no surgical history, no family history of cancer, and no history of smoking or drinking. The routine blood tests were normal. A computed tomography...