Biological characteristics and pathogenicity of a highly pathogenic <i>Shewanella marisflavi</i> infecting sea cucumber, <i>Apostichopus japonicus</i>

Li, H.; Qiao, Guo; Li, Q.; Zhou, Wei; Won, KyungHwa; Xu, De‐Hai; Park, S. I.

doi:10.1111/j.1365-2761.2010.01189.x

Cited by 35 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…Because of the metabolic versatility, bacteria in the genus have been intensively studied, especially the model strain She-wanella oneidensis MR-1 (18). Meanwhile, Shewanella strains are gradually emerging as human and animal pathogens as reports of Shewanella infections have been increasing in recent years (19,20). In addition, Shewanella species are regarded as a reservoir of antibiotic resistance determinants because a number of naturally occurring ␤-lactamases and Qnr-type quinolone resistance cassettes have been isolated (21)(22)(23)(24)(25).…”

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confidence: 99%

Distinct Roles of Major Peptidoglycan Recycling Enzymes in β-Lactamase Production in Shewanella oneidensis

Yin

Mao

et al. 2014

Antimicrob Agents Chemother

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c ␤-Lactam antibiotics were the earliest discovered and are the most widely used group of antibiotics that work by inactivating penicillin-binding proteins to inhibit peptidoglycan biosynthesis. As one of the most efficient defense strategies, many bacteria produce ␤-lactam-degrading enzymes, ␤-lactamases, whose biochemical functions and regulation have been extensively studied. A signal transduction pathway for ␤-lactamase induction by ␤-lactam antibiotics, consisting of the major peptidoglycan recycling enzymes and the LysR-type transcriptional regulator, AmpR, has been recently unveiled in some bacteria. Because inactivation of some of these proteins, especially the permease AmpG and the ␤-hexosaminidase NagZ, results in substantially elevated susceptibility to the antibiotics, these have been recognized as potential therapeutic targets. Here, we show a contrasting scenario in Shewanella oneidensis, in which the homologue of AmpR is absent. Loss of AmpG or NagZ enhances ␤-lactam resistance drastically, whereas other identified major peptidoglycan recycling enzymes are dispensable. Moreover, our data indicate that there exists a parallel signal transduction pathway for ␤-lactamase induction, which is independent of either AmpG or NagZ.

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confidence: 99%

Distinct Roles of Major Peptidoglycan Recycling Enzymes in β-Lactamase Production in Shewanella oneidensis

Yin

Mao

et al. 2014

Antimicrob Agents Chemother

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“…To confirm the effectiveness of using phage in the protection of sea cucumbers, a phage injection trial and a phage immersion trial were conducted in this study. According to the results of the previous study (Li et al ), all sea cucumbers in the two trials challenged with the pathogen by coelomic injection at the LD 50 level displayed the clinical symptoms (Deng et al ) of skin ulceration syndrome in the 8‐d experimental period. All the groups treated with phage exhibited encouraging results, especially the protection afforded by phage stocks with high doses, which showed similar effects to that obtained with antibiotic treatment.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 84%

Using Phage PSM‐1 to Control Shewanella marisflavi Infection in Juvenile Sea Cucumber, Apostichopus japonicus

Song

Wang

et al. 2016

J World Aquaculture Soc

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Shewanella marisflavi is considered responsible for infection in juvenile sea cucumber, Apostichopus japonicas. A bacteriophage specific to S. marisflavi was isolated from seafood wholesale market sewage and designated as vB_SmaM_PSM (PSM‐1). The phage was classified as a member of the Myoviridae family by negative staining transmission electronic microscopy. The stability of phage PSM‐1 was observed after treatment with different temperature gradients and pH values. The results showed that the lytic activity of phage PSM‐1 was optimum at 28 C with a pH of 7.0 and ceased at temperatures higher than 60 C. A one‐step growth curve analysis of the phage revealed eclipse and latent periods of 20 and 40 min, respectively, with a burst size of 219 plaque forming units per infected cell. The ability of phage PSM‐1 to inhibit the growth of S. marisflavi AP629 was tested in vitro using the phage with three multiplicity of infection (MOI) values of 0.1, 1, and 10. All treated cultures that produced an inhibition of the growth of S. marisflavi AP629 were compared with the untreated culture, and the treatment group with a MOI value of 10 showed the highest inhibition effect among the three doses. In an in vivo performance experiment, the sea cucumbers (15–20 g) were randomly assigned to five groups (one negative control, one antibiotic treatment group, and three phage treatment groups) in a phage injection trial as well as a phage immersion trial. All groups were infected with S. marisflavi strain AP629 (3.3 × 106 colony forming units/g, LD50 [lethal dose 50%] level) by intraperitoneal injection. After 8 d of observation, the survival rates ranged from 40 to 80% in all phage treatment groups, while 10% in the negative control group. The optimal therapeutic time points of the two trials were also determined. The results showed that using phage prior to infection could be a good choice to protect sea cucumbers. The overall results of this experiment indicate that using phage may be a feasible biological control agent to prevent S. marisflavi infection in sea cucumbers.

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“…In the same way, some Shewanella and Photobacterium species are also considered opportunistic pathogens of aquatic animals. Shewanella algae, S. putrefaciens, S. marisflavi and Photobacterium damselae have been isolated from oyster, sea cucumber and water (Richards et al, 2008;Li et al, 2010).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of culturable bacterial flora in yolk sac larvae of Atlantic halibut (Hippoglossus hippoglossus L.) with

Urtubia¹,

Gallardo²,

Lavín³

et al. 2014

lajar

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ABSTRACT.One of the main problems facing Atlantic halibut hatcheries is the high mortality in the early stages of larval development. Several factors could be involved, for example: water quality, diseases or abnormalities, such as deformities occurring in the yolk sac larvae prior to exogenous feeding. The aim of this study was to identify differences in bacterial flora associated with yolk sac larvae with oral deformity. We also aimed to establish whether there is any relationship between bacterial strains and the "gaping jaws" syndrome. During our study, 74 bacterial isolates were obtained using three different nutrient media: Marine Agar, R2A and TCBS. Some of these bacteria were characterized using Polymerase Chain Reaction-Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) and 16S rRNA sequencing. The immune response in larvae exhibiting the "gaping jaws" condition was measured by real time PCR. Our results showed significant differences in bacterial flora between normal and gaping larvae. The gaping yolk sac larvae were predominantly colonized by members of the families Vibrionaceae and Flavobacteriaceae. Bacteria belonging to the Bacillus and Pseudoalteromonas genera were also present but less frequent. It was not possible to associate a type or group of bacteria directly related to "gaping". Strikingly, larvae with gaping jaws had an increase in the expression of two immune related genes, like hepcidin and chemokine (MIP-1ß). These results indicate activation of the immune response in larvae with "gaping jaws" syndrome and this response could be related to bacteria isolated from gaping condition. Keywords: Atlantic halibut, Hippoglossus hippoglossus, bacterial flora, "gaping jaws", immune genes.Caracterización de la flora cultivable y la respuesta inmune en larvas con saco vitelino del halibut del Atlántico (Hippoglossus hippoglossus L.) con el síndrome de "gaping jaws" RESUMEN. Uno de los mayores problemas que enfrentan los criaderos de halibut del Atlántico es la alta mortalidad en estados tempranos del desarrollo larval. Distintos factores pueden estar involucrados, e.g., calidad del agua, enfermedades o anormalidades tales como deformidades que ocurren en las larvas en estado de saco vitelino antes de la alimentación exógena. El objetivo de este estudio fue identificar diferencias en la flora bacteriana asociada a larvas con saco vitelino con deformidad oral. Además se buscó establecer si existió relación entre alguna cepa bacteriana y el síndrome de "gaping jaws". Durante el estudio, 74 cepas bacterianas fueron aisladas usando diferentes medios de cultivo: agar marino, R2A y agar TCBS. Algunas de las bacterias fueron caracterizadas usando reacción en cadena de la polimerasa con análisis del polimorfismo de los fragmentos de restricción (PCR-RFLP) y secuenciación del gen ribosomal 16S. La respuesta inmune de larvas con el síndrome de "gaping jaws" fue medida por PCR en tiempo real. Los resultados evidenciaron diferencias significativas en la flora entre larvas normales y "gaping jaws". Las larvas c...

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Biological characteristics and pathogenicity of a highly pathogenic Shewanella marisflavi infecting sea cucumber, Apostichopus japonicus

Cited by 35 publications

References 42 publications

Distinct Roles of Major Peptidoglycan Recycling Enzymes in β-Lactamase Production in Shewanella oneidensis

Distinct Roles of Major Peptidoglycan Recycling Enzymes in β-Lactamase Production in Shewanella oneidensis

Using Phage PSM‐1 to Control Shewanella marisflavi Infection in Juvenile Sea Cucumber, Apostichopus japonicus

Characterization of culturable bacterial flora in yolk sac larvae of Atlantic halibut (Hippoglossus hippoglossus L.) with

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