Biological Availability and Preliminary Selenium Speciation in Selenium-Enriched Mycelium ofLentinula edodes (Berk.)

Abstract

Our goal is to obtain a new food supplement -a chemopreventive preparation derived from selenium (Se)-enriched Lentinula edodes mycelium. In the present study the bioavailability of selenium from Se-enriched mycelium preparations was tested in vitro and in vivo. Three different preparations of selenated mycelium were compared: dried mycelium, lyophilized mycelium, and lyophilized-autolyzed mycelium. In vitro, estimated Se bioavailabilities were 60%, 82%, and 98%, respectively. In vivo bioavailability was determined in rats. As reference, sodium selenite and Se yeast formulations were used at an Se-equivalent dose. The pharmacokinetic data for tested mycelial preparations suggest a rapid but incomplete Se absorption, and rapid elimination, without risk of accumulation. The speciation of selenium in Se-enriched mycelial cultures was carried out by specific oxido-reduction reactions. For tested mycelium the main part of Se was in the 0 and IV oxidation states in inorganic form or combined in a lipid or carbohydrate structure, about 47% was in the -II state in Se-amino acids or in other undefined water-or alcohol soluble organic compounds. Differences in pharmacokinetic data for Se yeast and L. edodes mycelial formulations probably arise from differences in Se speciation. Our data suggest that formulations of selenized Lentinula edodes mycelium could be used in chemoprevention as food supplements.

Selenium uptake, tolerance and reduction inFlammulina velutipessupplied with selenite

“…Supplementation of Se can be necessary because nutritional Se deficiency affects 500–1,000 million people worldwide, especially those from the Keshan disease area of China ( Combs, 2001 ). The availability and biological activity of Se depend on its dose and chemical form ( Turło et al, 2011 ). In trace amounts, Se confers antioxidant capacities to a number of selenoproteins ( Izquierdo, Casas & Herrero, 2010 ).…”

“…Although the majority of mushrooms are Se-poor, a considerable amount of organic Se can accumulate in mushrooms supplied with selenite or other forms of Se ( Falandysz, 2008 ). Turło et al (2011) reported that the mycelium of Lentinula edodes cultured in selenite-fortified substrate accumulated Se in organic compounds, and the synergetic effect of Se compounds and active polysaccharides gave it a strong chemopreventive activity.…”

Peer Review #1 of "Selenium uptake, tolerance and reduction in Flammulina velutipes supplied with selenite (v0.1)"

“…Supplementation of Se can be necessary, because nutritional Se deficiency affects 500-1000 million people worldwide, especially those from the Keshan disease area of China (Combs 2001). The availability and biological activity of Se depend on its dose and chemical form (Turło et al 2011). In trace amount, Se confers antioxidant capacities to a number of selenoproteins (Izquierdo et al 2010).…”

Selenium uptake, toxicity and reduction in Flammulina velutipes supplied with selenite

“…Nutritional Se deficiency affects 500-1000 million people worldwide, especially those from the Keshan disease area of China, and Se supplementation can be necessary for them (Combs 2001). The availability and biological activity of Se depend on its dose and chemical form (Turło et al 2011). In trace amount, Se confers antioxidant capacities to a number of selenoproteins (Izquierdo et al 2010).…”

“…Although the majority of mushrooms are Se-poor, a considerable amount of organic Se can accumulate in mushrooms supplied with selenite or other forms of Se (Falandysz 2008). Turło et al (2011) reported that the mycelium of Lentinula edodes cultured in Se-fortified substrate accumulated Se in organic compounds, and the synergetic effect of Se compounds and active polysaccharides gave it a strong chemopreventive activity.…”