Biological Applications of Nanobiotechnology

Abstract

Nanotechnology is a multidisciplinary field that covers a vast and diverse array of devices derived from engineering, physics, chemistry, and biology. Nanotechnology has opened up by rapid advances in science and technology, creating new opportunities for advances in the fields of medicine, electronics, foods, and the environment. Nanoscale structures and materials (nanoparticles, nanowires, nanofibers, nanotubes) have been explored in many biological applications (biosensing, biological separation, molecular imaging, anticancer therapy) because their novel properties and functions differ drastically from their bulk counterparts. Their high volume/surface ratio, improved solubility, and multifunctionality open many new possibilities. The objective of this review is to describe the potential benefits and impacts of the nanobiotechnology in different areas.

Nanopharmacology in translational hematology and oncology

“…The successful functioning of the endosomal siRNA system and followed by the release of the RNA molecules into the cytoplasm are very important for the efficient use of oncogene silencing. 1,2,13 In order for this process to be …”

“…1 Progress in nanotechnology has gained attention in recent years by developing novel nanoparticle-based drugs or by discovering novel applications in early diagnostic or prognostic assays in cancer. 2 Multiple preclinical studies aim to improve the therapeutic index of a patient diagnosed with cancer using a wide range of nanostructures including carbon nanotubes, peptides, nanodiamonds, cyclodextrine, graphenes, liposomes, quantum dots, nanowires, and metal-based nanoparticles.…”

“…118 Considering the significance of miRNAs in cancer and its capacity to modulate various biological pathways, miRNA mimics/inhibition asserted a new and effective therapeutic strategy in cancer. 1,2,118 Specifically, miRNAs or antimiRNA may be used individually or in combination with chemotherapy, leading to an enhanced therapeutic response and to an improved survival rate. 131 In order to apply the vast potential of miRNAs for therapy, the main obstacle for the successful translation of therapeutic strategies into the clinic remains the pathway of delivery.…”

“…218 Diagnostics can also be aided based on diffident nanostructures types including quantum dots or metallic coreshell nanoparticles that usually contain cadmium telluride, cadmium selenide, and either indium arsenide or indium phosphide. 1,2 This structure is then covered by a shell of zinc sulfide and is subsequently coated with PEG in order to facilitate the attachment of various drugs, nucleic acids, or antibodies. [219][220][221] These structures are very good fluorophores because of their broad-spectrum fluorescence, 222 and they can be used to properly identify cancer cells, as well as signal events such as peroxisome activity or the presence of certain membrane receptors.…”

Biopeptides with antioxidant activity extracted from the biomass of Spirulina sp. LEB 18

“…This microalga has been the subject of extensive research regarding: the extraction of phycocyanin and the benefits caused by the intake of this *Corresponding author. E-mail: jorgealbertovc@terra.com.br Author(s) agree that this article remains permanently open access under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0 International License biocolorant (Kumar et al, 2011;Walter et al, 2011;Chaiklahan et al, 2012;Zeng et al, 2012), preparation of foods enriched with its biomass (Figueira et al, 2011;Lemes et al, 2012;Rabelo et al, 2013) the biological treatment of effluents (Mezzomo et al, 2010;Zeng et al, 2012); the development of nanofibers (Morais et al, 2014); beneficial health effects from ingestion of its biomass (Peiretti and Meineri, 2011;Nah et al, 2012;Zotte et al, 2013) and CO 2 biofixation (Morais et al, 2011;Ramanan et al, 2010;Zhao et al, 2011;Zeng et al, 2012). Some studies have reported that Spirulina is a source of natural antioxidants (Gad et al, 2011;Marco et al, 2014) Antioxidant activity can be associated with bioactive peptides in certain protein sequences (Costa et al, 2007).…”