Biological Applications of Graphene and Graphene Oxide

Wu, Chengyang; Zhang, Yan; Wu, Xiaochen; Wu, Haixia; Yang, Yongqiang; Zhou, Xuejiao

doi:10.5101/nbe.v4i4.p157-162

Cited by 13 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…Its unique nanostructure holds great promise for potential applications in biomedicine such as microbial detection, nanocarrier systems, and photosensitizer [5-9]. However, GO is unstable and tends to aggregate in water due to the Van der Waals interaction and strong π - π stacking between GO nanosheets.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Graphene oxide (GO), a low-cost carbon nanomaterial synthesized from graphite with fascinating physical and chemical properties, has been widely developed in the past several decades [ 1 - 4 ]. Its unique nanostructure holds great promise for potential applications in biomedicine such as microbial detection, nanocarrier systems, and photosensitizer [ 5 - 9 ]. However, GO is unstable and tends to aggregate in water due to the Van der Waals interaction and strong π - π stacking between GO nanosheets.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Facile and green reduction of covalently PEGylated nanographene oxide via a ‘water-only’ route for high-efficiency photothermal therapy

2014

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A facile and green strategy is reported for the fabrication of nanosized and reduced covalently PEGylated graphene oxide (nrGO-PEG) with great biocompatibility and high near-infrared (NIR) absorbance. Covalently PEGylated nGO (nGO-PEG) was synthesized by the reaction of nGO-COOH and methoxypolyethylene glycol amine (mPEG-NH2). The neutral and purified nGO-PEG solution was then directly bathed in water at 90°C for 24 h without any additive to obtain nrGO-PEG. Covalent PEGylation not only prevented the aggregation of nGO but also dramatically promoted the reduction extent of nGO during this reduction process. The resulting single-layered nrGO-PEG sheets were approximately 50 nm in average lateral dimension and exhibited great biocompatibility and approximately 7.6-fold increment in NIR absorption. Moreover, this facile reduction process repaired the aromatic structure of GO. CCK-8 and flow cytometry (FCM) assays showed that exposure of A549 cells to 100 μg/mL of nrGO-PEG for 2 h, exhibiting 71.5% of uptake ratio, did not induce significant cytotoxicity. However, after irradiation with 808 nm laser (0.6 W/cm2) for 5 min, the cells incubated with 6 μg/mL of nrGO-PEG solution showed approximately 90% decrease of cell viability, demonstrating the high-efficiency photothermal therapy of nrGO-PEG to tumor cells in vitro. This work established nrGO-PEG as a promising photothermal agent due to its small size, great biocompatibility, high photothermal efficiency, and low cost.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Facile and green reduction of covalently PEGylated nanographene oxide via a ‘water-only’ route for high-efficiency photothermal therapy

2014

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“…Graphene is a two-dimensional material composed of a hexagonal sp2-hybridized carbon network [20,21] giving a large superficial area, while graphene oxide (GO) is a chemically modified graphene featuring hydroxyl, carboxyl and epoxy functional groups [22]. Graphene-based materials are attractive nanomaterials because of their unique chemical, physical, electric, mechanical, thermal and antimicrobial properties which made them useful for several applications such as biomedical, energy, nanoelectronic, biosensors, among others [20][21][22][23][24].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anti-adhesion and antibacterial activity of silver nanoparticles and graphene oxide-silver nanoparticle composites

et al. 2020

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The rise of nanotechnology has allowed the development of several inorganic nanoparticles with strong biocidal properties against bacteria, fungi, and viruses. Among them, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) stand out as one of the most promising antimicrobial nanomaterials. Graphene oxide (GO) is another attractive nanomaterial with antimicrobial properties. Although the antimicrobial effect of AgNPs and GO is known, the development of hybrid materials of GO-AgNPs has considerable interest in various applications since they may exhibit synergistic bactericidal properties that exceed the yields of the individual components. The aims of this work were to evaluate the antimicrobial activity and anti-adhesion properties of AgNPs and GO-AgNPs nanocomposites for potential applications in antimicrobial coatings. The antimicrobial activity was tested by agar diffusion method. It was found that activity varied according to the synthesis procedure of the nanomaterials. Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacillus cereus and Kokuria rhizophila were the most susceptible strains. The nanocomposite GO-AgNPs synthetized using the ex-situ method exhibited the highest antibacterial activity against all the assayed strains. Similar results were obtained for bacterial adhesion inhibition tests. Thus, GO-AgNPs nanohybrids could be applied as antibacterial coatings to prevent bacterial biofilm development.

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“…Because of the outstanding mechanical, electrical, and thermal properties, as well as good cytocompatibility and high surface area, − graphene has received extensive attention toward biological applications in tissue engineering, drug delivery, and bioelectrical and bioimaging devices. − Facile processes for the large-scale production of pristine graphene under biologically benign conditions are prerequisites for these biological applications. , Although exfoliation methods were developed to achieve the scalable production of graphene using organic solvents, , surfactants − and ionic liquids, , unaddressed challenges remain to prepare biocompatible and superior graphene products for economic and environmentally friendly processes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mass Production of Biocompatible Graphene Using Silk Nanofibers

Zhang

Lü

Kaplan

2018

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

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Mass production of high-quality graphene dispersions under mild conditions impacts the utility of the material for biomedical applications. Various proteins have been used to prepare graphene dispersions, rare sources, and expensive prices for these proteins restrict their large-scale utility for the production of graphene. Here, inexpensive silk proteins as an abundant resource in nature were used for graphene exfoliation. The silk proteins were assembled into hydrophobic nanofibers with negative charge, and then optimized for the production of graphene. Significantly higher concentrations (>8 mg mL) and yields (>30%) of graphene dispersions under ambient aqueous conditions were achieved compared with previous protein-assisted exfoliation systems. The exfoliated graphene exhibited excellent stability in water and fetal bovine serum solution, cytocompatibility, and conductivity, suggesting a promising future in biomedical and bioengineering applications.

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Biological Applications of Graphene and Graphene Oxide

Cited by 13 publications

References 36 publications

Facile and green reduction of covalently PEGylated nanographene oxide via a ‘water-only’ route for high-efficiency photothermal therapy

Facile and green reduction of covalently PEGylated nanographene oxide via a ‘water-only’ route for high-efficiency photothermal therapy

Anti-adhesion and antibacterial activity of silver nanoparticles and graphene oxide-silver nanoparticle composites

Mass Production of Biocompatible Graphene Using Silk Nanofibers

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