Biological Applications

Bloomfield, Victor A.

doi:10.1007/978-1-4613-2389-1_10

Cited by 14 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 361 publications

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“…The effect of number fluctuations means that if the number of scattering particles in the scattering volume is small, then the autocorrelation function contains an additional contribution from these fluctuations (in addition to regular phase fluctuations). Since δ N/N ∼ N -1/2 holds for Gaussian fluctuations, the number of scattering particles in the scattering volume must be N > 10 4 to have relative fluctuations suppressed below the 1% level . We have shown that the internal structure of domains is quite far from a model of a tight aggregate of solute molecules without solvent inside.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 82%

Large-Scale Supramolecular Structure in Solutions of Low Molar Mass Compounds and Mixtures of Liquids: I. Light Scattering Characterization

2006

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Static and dynamic laser light scattering were used to bring evidence of large-scale supramolecular structure in solutions of low molar mass electrolytes, nonelectrolytes, and mixtures of liquids. It was shown that solutes are distributed inhomogeneously on large length scales. Regions of higher and lower solute concentration exist in solution and give sufficient scattering contrast for experimental observation. A detailed light scattering study showed that these regions can be characterized as close-to-spherical discrete domains of higher solute density in a less dense rest of solution. These domains do contain solvent inside and can be therefore characterized as loose associates (giant clusters, aggregates). Their size distributions are significantly broad, ranging up to several hundreds of nanometers. Characteristic sizes of these inhomogenities thus exceed angstrom dimensions of individual molecules by several orders of magnitude. The number of solute molecules per domain varies approximately in the range 10(3)-10(8). Phenomena described were observed in a very broad range of solutes and solvents. Among others, selected data on most common substances of great chemical and biological importance such as sodium chloride, citric acid, glucose, urea, acetic acid, and ethanol are presented.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 82%

Large-Scale Supramolecular Structure in Solutions of Low Molar Mass Compounds and Mixtures of Liquids: I. Light Scattering Characterization

2006

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“…Nevertheless, despite this improvement in the measurement of large particles, DLS is in particular suitable for the analysis of protein monomer and small aggregates in the nanometer range86,89–91 and less suitable for particles in the micrometer size range. As an advantage of DLS, measurements in plate reader‐based systems can save time and material 92.…”

Section: Light Scattering Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Particles in Therapeutic Protein Formulations, Part 1: Overview of Analytical Methods

Zölls¹,

Tantipolphan²,

Wiggenhorn³

et al. 2012

Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences

201

159

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“…In the present work, both cationic and anionic surfactants of varying chain length, i.e., nonylphenoxypolyethoxylated phosphate ester (Gafac), caprylic acid, tetramethylammonium hydroxide (TMH), and dodecyltrimethylammonium bromide (DTB) as well as the polyelectrolyte PEG were investigated as potential controls of immunoassay performance. This was performed by automated turbidimetric monitoring of immunoagglutination and colloidal stability, size and charge measurement by photon correlation spectroscopy, and determination of the total intermolecular interaction (Haamaker constant) from stability ratios and the critical coagulation concentration (CCC) in the presence and absence of antigen. It was found that low concentrations (0.5−2.5 mmol/L) of TMH significantly improved performance in the low range of CRP concentration, (<0.5−20 mg/L) when compared to the commonly used combination of Gafac and PEG .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Poly(ethylene glycol), Tetramethylammonium Hydroxide, and Other Surfactants on Enhancing Performance in a Latex Particle Immunoassay of C-Reactive Protein

2001

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The influence of a variety and combination of both ionic surfactants and different chain lengths of the polyelectrolyte poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) on the performance characteristics (with particular reference to signal response) of a homogeneous, latex agglutination immunoassay was investigated. The test analyte was human serum C-reactive protein (CRP), and the antibody reagent consisted of a sheep polyclonal anti-CRP IgG fraction covalently coupled to 50-nm-sized latex including a glycine-capped chloromethylstyrene shell. The amount and rate of immunoagglutination was monitored turbidimetrically after sample addition. It was found that 2.5 mmol/L concentrations of the small cationic surfactant tetramethylammonium hydroxide (TMH), when present alone, substantially increased both reaction rates and sensitivity in the lower clinical ranges of CRP concentration when compared to normally used assay conditions containing PEG and the anionic detergent Gafac. The nonspecific binding (NSB) was also found to be unchanged. Evidence is presented that the TMH enhances the actual antibody-antigen interaction as opposed to the known effects of other surfactants in immunocomplex dissociation or in maintenance of colloidal stability. We suggest that the enhancement seen with TMH could be an alternative to PEG and may provide a new means of further extending detection limits. The utility of this type of immunoassay technology could therefore be increased whenever clinically required.

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Biological Applications

Cited by 14 publications

References 361 publications

Large-Scale Supramolecular Structure in Solutions of Low Molar Mass Compounds and Mixtures of Liquids: I. Light Scattering Characterization

Large-Scale Supramolecular Structure in Solutions of Low Molar Mass Compounds and Mixtures of Liquids: I. Light Scattering Characterization

Particles in Therapeutic Protein Formulations, Part 1: Overview of Analytical Methods

Effect of Poly(ethylene glycol), Tetramethylammonium Hydroxide, and Other Surfactants on Enhancing Performance in a Latex Particle Immunoassay of C-Reactive Protein

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