Biological and phytochemical aspects of Valeriana officinalis

Corsi, G.; Lokar, Laura Coassini; Pagni, Anna Maria

doi:10.1016/0305-1978(84)90011-5

Cited by 13 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…The complex thus comprises three major ploidy levels: di-, tetra-and octoploidy (Walther 1949, Titz 1964, 1969. Aneuploidy is indicated by the presence of a B chromosome in tetraploid individuals in an Italian population (Corsi et al 1984), which contrasts with earlier studies that report solely euploidy for a large number of individuals (Titz & Titz 1979, 1980, 1981. However, karyological studies mostly comprise only single accession or a few individuals per population.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 86%

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Variation in genome size in the Valeriana officinalis complex resulting from multiple chromosomal evolutionary processes

Bressler¹,

Klatte-Asselmeyer²,

Fischer³

et al. 2017

Preslia

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Polyploidy, aneuploidy and change in DNA content of monoploid genomes or chromosomes are the principal causes of the variation in genome size. We studied these phenomena in central-European populations of the Valeriana officinalis complex in order to identify mechanisms or forces driving its evolution. The complex comprises di-, tetra-and octoploid morphologically defined so-called taxonomic "types". Within the study area there are also intermediate "transitional types" the existence of which hampers the application of traditional taxonomic concepts. We thus chose AFLP genotyping and admixture analyses to identify the genetic structuring of the material studied. Di-(2x), tetra-(4x) and octoploidy (8x) were confirmed as major ploidy levels. Major genetic clusters roughly corresponded to these ploidy levels (for K = 2: 2x-and 8x-clusters, for K = 4 with nearly identical probability: 2x-, 4x-, 8x-and unspecific clusters were identified), which further more significantly differed from each other in monoploid absolute genome size (mean 1Cx for 2x = 1.48 pg, 4x 1.29 pg, 8x 1.10 pg). Several individuals of all ploidy levels were admixed, particularly tetraploids. Relative genome size (the sample: standard DAPI fluorescence) was positively correlated with the proportion of the diploid genetic cluster shared by the tetraploids, indicating that hybridization caused the variation in genome size. This result is in accordance with the significant negative correlation of the genome size of tetraploids with their geographic distance to the diploids. However, remarkable intra-ploidy variation in relative genome size was recorded for all ploidy levels (1.14-fold in diploids, 1.28-fold in tetraploids, 1.19-fold in octoploids). We identified aneuploidy as an additional source of variation in genome size in the di-and tetraploids. The contribution of extra chromosomes to absolute genome size exceeded the observed variation within euploids in the diploids, whereas it was included in the regular variability in genome size recorded for the eutetraploids. Variation in monoploid genome size was recorded in polyploids but not in diploids, indicating that polyploids experienced higher dynamics in the evolution of their genomes. Finally, 38.0-63.2% of the total intra-ploidy variation in relative genome size occurred within populations. In conclusion, the Valeriana officinalis complex provides an example of variation in genome size due to four principal evolutionary forces: polyploidization, change in chromosome number and in DNA content of chromosomes and (secondarily) hybridization, but their relative importance differed among ploidy levels. Although the stability in the size of the monoploid genome in species is considered to be the standard case, we found great variability within populations suggesting that genome size is variable even within narrowly defined taxa.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 86%

“…We further provide the first account of aneuploidy in diploid V. officinalis. So far, there is only one report of extra chromosomes in this taxon by Corsi et al (1984), who describe a B chromosome in tetraploid V. officinalis subsp. collina in Italy.…”

Section: Frequencies Of Cytotypes Of Deviant Ploidy and Of Aneuploidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Variation in genome size in the Valeriana officinalis complex resulting from multiple chromosomal evolutionary processes

Bressler¹,

Klatte-Asselmeyer²,

Fischer³

et al. 2017

Preslia

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“…In previous research on V. collina (Corsi, Lokar & Pagni, 1984) two populations were examined (one from the Carsic region near Trieste, the other from the Apuan Alps) for their chromosomal, anatomical and phytochemical differences. Since preliminary investigations of glandular hairs in these two populations revealed no differences in ontogeny, morphology or histochemistry, it was decided to use only plants from the Pian della Fioba population.…”

Section: Plant Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The glandular hairs of Valeriana officinalis subsp. collina. I. Some unusual features in their development and differentiation

Corsi¹,

Pagni²

1990

Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society

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“…Up to now, three basic ploidy levels have been identified within the species: diploid, tetraploid, and octoploid. Aneuploidy was detected among some Italian populations as well [ 1 , 2 , 3 ]. Common valerian develops as a rhizomatous rosette-forming clonal perennial plant with solitary hollow stems reaching 2 m in height, with pale pink to white strongly scented flowers at the top [ 4 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical Diversity of Wild-Growing and Cultivated Common Valerian (Valeriana officinalis L. s.l.) Originating from Poland

Raj,

Węglarz,

Przybył

et al. 2023

Molecules

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Common valerian is a medicinal plant. The underground organs of this species are used as a mild sedative and sleeping aid. Poland is one of the largest producers of this raw material in Europe, with local cultivar ‘Lubelski’ as a primary cultivated form. Although valerian is the subject of more or less deliberate selection carried out by farmers, it is still genetically unstable. The aim of this study was to determine the diversity of the ‘Lubelski’ cultivar originating from four regions of Poland (forms: L1–L4) in relation to wild-growing populations of the species. The plants were assessed in terms of the mass of underground organs and the content of valerenic acids and essential oils (EOs). The content of valerenic acids was determined using HPLC, whereas the content of EOs was determined using hydrodistillation. The composition of EOs was assessed using GC-MS GC-FID. The ploidy level of the analyzed objects was determined as well. Wild-growing populations (diploids) were characterized by lower masses of underground organs and lower contents of valerenic acid than cultivated forms (tetraploids). However, they produced higher contents of EOs. All the cultivated forms were strongly diversified with respect to the analyzed traits, including the mass of the roots (CV 49–75%), the content of valerenic acids (CV 18–55%), and the content of EOs (CV 28–57%). A total of 44 compounds were identified in the EOs. The dominant compound of both wild-growing populations and the ‘Lubelski’ forms were: α-fenchene, bornyl acetate, and valerenal. Among ‘Lubelski’ forms, the most interesting seems to be the L2 form, which was characterized by a relatively high yield and high content of valerenic acids and EOs. Thus, it appears to be a promising source of objects for further valerian cultivar improvement.

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Biological and phytochemical aspects of Valeriana officinalis

Cited by 13 publications

References 15 publications

Variation in genome size in the Valeriana officinalis complex resulting from multiple chromosomal evolutionary processes

Variation in genome size in the Valeriana officinalis complex resulting from multiple chromosomal evolutionary processes

The glandular hairs of Valeriana officinalis subsp. collina. I. Some unusual features in their development and differentiation

Chemical Diversity of Wild-Growing and Cultivated Common Valerian (Valeriana officinalis L. s.l.) Originating from Poland

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