Biological and pharmacological effects and nutritional impact of phytosterols: A comprehensive review

Nattagh‐Eshtivani, Elyas; Barghchi, Hanieh; Pahlavani, Naseh; Barati, Mehdi; Amiri, Yasaman; Fadel, Abdulmannan; Khosravi, Maryam; Talebi, Saeedeh; Arzhang, Pishva; Ziaei, Rahele; Ghavami, Abed

doi:10.1002/ptr.7312

Cited by 84 publications

(56 citation statements)

References 233 publications

(264 reference statements)

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“…In our study, most associations became nonsignificant or inconsistent (i.e., observed in one study period but not in the other) after multivariate adjustment, suggesting that the effect of serum PS on inflammatory markers is small. This finding is in agreement with the conclusion of several systematic reviews and a meta-analysis, showing no significant effect of PS supplementation on inflammatory markers [28,29].…”

Section: Association Between Sterol Levels and Inflammatory Markerssupporting

confidence: 93%

“…PS supplementation attenuated inflammatory pathways in healthy subjects in a proteomics study [27]. On the other hand, a meta-analysis of 20 randomized controlled trials found no significant effect of PS supplementation on inflammatory biomarkers (mainly CRP) in obese patients [28], and a more recent review also reported contradictory findings [29]. Furthermore, most studies relied on supplementation, while population-based studies of PS effects at the usual nutritional intake levels are scarce.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Serum Phytosterols Are Not Associated with Inflammatory Markers in Two Cross-Sectional, Swiss Population-Based Studies (The CoLaus|PsyCoLaus Study)

Stanasila

Marques‐Vidal

2022

Nutrients

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Background: The association between inflammation and dietary sterols remains poorly assessed at the population level. Aims: To assess the possible association between serum levels of various phytosterols (PS) and inflammatory markers. Methods: Serum levels of six PS (campesterol, campestanol, stigmasterol, sitosterol, sitostanol, brassicasterol), four cholesterol synthesis markers (lathosterol, lanosterol, desmosterol, dihydroxylanosterol) and one cholesterol absorption marker (cholestanol) were measured together with levels of CRP, IL-6 and TNF-α in two cross-sectional surveys of a population-based, prospective study. Results: CRP levels were negatively associated with levels of cholestanol and of sterols of plant origin, although some associations were not statistically significant. CRP levels were positively associated with cholesterol synthesis markers in the first but not in the second follow-up. IL-6 levels were negatively associated with cholestanol in both follow-ups. No associations between IL-6 levels and PS were found in the first follow-up, while significant negative associations with campesterol, sitosterol, brassicasterol, sitostanol and campesterol:TC ratio were found in the second follow-up. TNF-α levels were negatively associated with cholestanol in both follow-ups. These associations did not withstand adjusting for sex, age, BMI and statin administration. Conclusions: In a population-based study, PS serum levels were not significantly associated with inflammatory markers.

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Section: Association Between Sterol Levels and Inflammatory Markerssupporting

confidence: 93%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Serum Phytosterols Are Not Associated with Inflammatory Markers in Two Cross-Sectional, Swiss Population-Based Studies (The CoLaus|PsyCoLaus Study)

Stanasila

Marques‐Vidal

2022

Nutrients

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“…The top four compounds obtained from the compound-target network of USM were stigmasterol, mandenol, sitosterol α 1, and isoarborinol. Stigmasterol and sitosterol α 1 belong to the class of phytosterols as anticancer dietary components [ 25 ]. Stigmasterol inhibited lipopolysaccharide- (LPS-) induced innate immune responses in murine models [ 26 ], significantly reduced the transcription level of TNF- α , destroyed tumor angiogenesis, and reduced the chance of metastasis [ 27 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gene Differential Expression and Interaction Networks Illustrate the Biomarkers and Molecular Biological Mechanisms of Unsaponifiable Matter in Kanglaite Injection for Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma

Dan

Zhang

et al. 2022

BioMed Research International

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Background. Kanglaite injection (KLTi) has shown good clinical efficacy in the treatment of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). While previous studies have demonstrated the antitumor effects of the oil compounds in KLTi, it is unclear whether the unsaponifiable matter (USM) also has antitumor effects. This study used network pharmacology, molecular docking, and database verification methods to investigate the molecular biological mechanisms of USM. Methods. Compounds of USM were obtained from GC-MS, and targets from DrugBank. Next, the GEO database was searched for differentially expressed genes in cancerous tissues and healthy tissues of PDAC to identify targets. Subsequently, the protein-protein interaction of USM and PDAC targets was constructed by BisoGenet to extract candidate genes. The candidate genes were enriched using GO and KEGG by Metascape, and the gene-pathway network was constructed to screen the key genes. Molecular docking and molecular dynamic simulations of core compound targets were finally performed and to explore the diagnostic, survival, and prognosis value of targets. Results. A total of 10 active compounds and 36 drug targets were screened for USM, 919 genes associated with PDAC, and 139 USM candidate genes against PDAC were excavated. The enrichment predicted USM by acting on RELA, NFKB1, IKBKG, JUN, MAPK1, TP53, and AKT1. Molecular docking and dynamic simulations confirmed the screened core targets had good affinity and stability with the corresponding compounds. In diagnostic ROC validation, the above targets have certain accuracy for diagnosing PDAC, and the combined diagnosis is more advantageous. As the most diagnostic value of RELA, it is equally significant in predicting disease-specific survival and progression-free interval. Conclusions. USM in KLTi plays an anti-PDAC role by intervening in the cell cycle, inducing apoptosis, and downregulating the NF-κB, MAPK, and PI3K-Akt pathways. It might participate in the pancreatic cancer pathway, and core target groups have diagnostic, survival, and prognosis value biomarker significance.

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“…So, it seems logical that we found more quantity in GF Lv and L Lv (Table 1). Moreover, campesterol and stigmasterol are among the most relevant phytosterols presenting pharmacological and nutritional effects [28]. Consequently, their occurrence in such interesting amounts enhances the L. vulgare's economic value; that is, it stimulates the species use to produce nutraceuticals.…”

Section: Gc-ms Profilementioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical Profiling of Limonium vulgare Mill. Using UHPLC-DAD-ESI/MS2 and GC-MS Analysis

Carius

Silva

et al. 2022

Applied Sciences

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Limonium vulgare Mill. is a plant growing widely in harsh environments, such as salt marshes, for which a chemical profile is still unknown, although some interesting bioactivities were already reported. So, this halophyte chemical profile must be established to find the possible bioactive compounds, valorize the species, and contribute to the salt marsh’s exploitation. This work set the chemical profile of L. vulgare’s aerial parts (leaves and inflorescences) using UHPLC-DAD-ESI/MS2 and GC-MS analysis. The lipophilic profile showed a richness in fatty acids, alkanes, and terpenoids, β-sitosterol being the major compound in inflorescences in the fruiting stage (0.822 ± 0.015 mg/g of the dry plant) and leaves (0.534 ± 0.017 mg/g of the dry plant). In contrast, in the inflorescences in the flowering stage, the major compound is nonacosane (0.228 ± 0.001 mg/g of the dry plant). The polyphenolic profile demonstrates that L. vulgare produces several flavonoids from which quercetin and myricetin can be highlighted; in particular, myricetin derivatives are prevalent in all extracts. Amongst the flavonoids, myricetin 3-rhamnoside is the most abundant in the inflorescences in the flowering stage (6.35 ± 0.05 mg/g of the dry plant), myricetin in leaves (9.69 ± 0.11 mg/g of the dry plant), and in the inflorescences in the fruiting stage baicalin presents the highest amount (5.15 ± 0.07 mg/g of the dry plant). This is the first report on L. vulgare’s chemical profile and the results indicate that this species is an exciting source of bioactive compounds, suggesting it has a use to produce nutraceuticals and/or pharmaceuticals.

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Biological and pharmacological effects and nutritional impact of phytosterols: A comprehensive review

Cited by 84 publications

References 233 publications

Serum Phytosterols Are Not Associated with Inflammatory Markers in Two Cross-Sectional, Swiss Population-Based Studies (The CoLaus|PsyCoLaus Study)

Serum Phytosterols Are Not Associated with Inflammatory Markers in Two Cross-Sectional, Swiss Population-Based Studies (The CoLaus|PsyCoLaus Study)

Gene Differential Expression and Interaction Networks Illustrate the Biomarkers and Molecular Biological Mechanisms of Unsaponifiable Matter in Kanglaite Injection for Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma

Chemical Profiling of Limonium vulgare Mill. Using UHPLC-DAD-ESI/MS2 and GC-MS Analysis

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