Biological and Nutritional Properties of Palm Oil and Palmitic Acid: Effects on Health

Mancini, Annamaria; Imperlini, Esther; Nigro, Ersilia; Montagnese, Concetta; Daniele, Aurora; Orrú, Stefania; Buono, Pasqualina

doi:10.3390/molecules200917339

Cited by 341 publications

(252 citation statements)

References 143 publications

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“…The randomized crossover clinical trial examined the effects of a single oral challenge with PO, which is mainly composed of saturated fatty acids (2), versus vehicle (VCL) ingestion on whole-body insulin sensitivity (WBIS) and hepatic insulin sensitivity. Moreover, the contributions of hepatic glucose fluxes, i.e., GNG, net glycogenolysis (GLYnet), and the futile exchange between glycogenogenic and glycogenolytic pathways (glycogen cycling) to EGP as well as the effects of these fluxes on hepatocellular lipids (HCL) and phosphorouscontaining metabolites were analyzed using combined in vivo multinuclear 13 C/ 31 P/ 1 H and stable isotope tracers to assess plasma glucose appearance rates and sources of EGP.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The pandemic of obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has frequently been associated with dietary intake of saturated fats (1) and specifically with dietary palm oil (PO) (2). According to current paradigms, chronic insulin resistance is the common feature of these diseases (3,4) and relates to intracellular concentrations of triglycerides (TG) and lipotoxins (5).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Acute dietary fat intake initiates alterations in energy metabolism and insulin resistance

Hernández¹,

Kahl²,

Seelig³

et al. 2017

Journal of Clinical Investigation

147

124

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H and ex vivo2 H magnetic resonance spectroscopy before and during hyperinsulinemiceuglycemic clamps with isotope dilution. Mice underwent identical clamp procedures and hepatic transcriptome analyses.RESULTS. PO administration decreased whole-body, hepatic, and adipose tissue insulin sensitivity by 25%, 15%, and 34%, respectively. Hepatic triglyceride and ATP content rose by 35% and 16%, respectively. Hepatic gluconeogenesis increased by 70%, and net glycogenolysis declined by 20%. Mouse transcriptomics revealed that PO differentially regulates predicted upstream regulators and pathways, including LPS, members of the TLR and PPAR families, NF-κB, and TNF-related weak inducer of apoptosis (TWEAK). CONCLUSION.Saturated fat ingestion rapidly increases hepatic lipid storage, energy metabolism, and insulin resistance. This is accompanied by regulation of hepatic gene expression and signaling that may contribute to development of NAFLD. PO results in increased circulating TG, glucagon, and incretins. After PO administration, TG in plasma rose by 59% (area under the time curve [AUC], P < 0.001) and by 156% in chylomicrons (AUC, P = 0.009) (Figure 2A). The AUC for plasma free fatty acids (FFA) ( Figure 2B) and insulin concentrations ( Figure 2C) was unchanged, while the AUC for plasma C-peptide was 28% higher after PO ingestion versus VCL (P < 0.005, Figure 2D). Of note, FFA were increased at 300, 420, and 480 minutes. Blood glucose levels were not different between PO-and VCL-treated groups ( Figure 2E). Plasma glucagon rose by 41% (AUC, P < 0.0001) only after PO ingestion ( Figure 2F). Also, glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) and gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP) levels were markedly increased and remained elevated after PO ingestion (both P < 0.005) (Supplemental Figure 2; supplemental material available online with this article; https://doi.org/10.1172/ JCI89444DS1). Circulating levels of TNF-α, IL-6, fetuin-A, chemerin, omentin, and cortisol were not different between PO and VCL groups (P > 0.5 for all) (Supplemental Table 1). REGISTRATION. The Journal of Clinical Investigation C L I N I C A L M E D I C I N EPO induces insulin resistance at whole-body, liver, and adipose tissue levels. Insulin sensitivity was measured using hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp tests in healthy humans. Steady state was reached (Supplemental Figure 1), and pertinent parameters were analyzed during this time. PO ingestion reduced WBIS by 25% compared with VCL treatment (P = 0.0005, Figure 3A). Furthermore, after PO, volunteers also showed a decrease of 22% (P = 0.002) in the rate of glucose disappearance (Rd), mostly due to a 33% (P = 0.01) reduction in glucose oxidation (GOX), while the rate of nonoxidative glucose disposal remained unchanged

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acute dietary fat intake initiates alterations in energy metabolism and insulin resistance

Hernández¹,

Kahl²,

Seelig³

et al. 2017

Journal of Clinical Investigation

147

124

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Apart from the phytonutrients called minors (vitamin E, carotenoids), it is composed of 50% unsaturated fatty acids and 50% saturated fatty acids, of which 44% palmitic acid (Edem, 2002), making it an oil Which is known to be pro-atherogenic and which would be responsible for cardiovascular complications (Aranceta & Perez-rodrigo, 2012;Assmann et al, 2014;Berger, 2014;Mancini et al, 2015). Almost 60% of all deaths in 2005 were related to these diseases, 80% of which occurred in developing countries (Kennedy, 2005; Organisation Mondiale pour la Santé [OMS], 2005).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Palm Oil Consumption on Lipid Profile among Rural Ivorian Youth

Alexandre¹,

Absalome²,

Edjème-Aké³

et al. 2017

JFR

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As palm oil has been qualified as atherogen, we have studied the impact of its consumption on changes of lipid and lipoprotein profiles of young Ivorian healthy subjects living in rural areas. It is a descriptive cross-sectional analytical study of about 120 Ivorian subjects aged 18 to 30 years, including 65 regular consumers of palm oil and 55 subjects consuming that oil periodically as control subjects. Serum concentrations of triglycerides, total cholesterol, HDL, LDL cholesterols and lipoprotein (a) were measured by enzyme conventional methods. The TC serum varied not significantly in both subjects' groups as the triglycerides and HDL-C did. In addition, 58.46% of palm oil consumers had hypoLDLemia. The serum concentration of lipoprotein (a) was not significantly elevated (p> 0.05) with consumers compared to controls: 33.85% versus 29.09%, p = 0.55. The percentage of subjects with normal serum concentrations is higher in all the studied parameters, with both that is the consumers and the controls, except LDL cholesterol, of which the percentage of subjects with a lower value is the highest (58.46% for consumers and 52.73% for controls). This study has shown that the consumption of palm oil did not alter the lipid and lipoprotein profile of the consumer, on the contrary, this consumption revealed a decrease in cholesterol levels with these subjects.

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“…In the last few decades, controversial studies have reported potential unhealthy effects of palm oil due to its high palmitic acid content (Annamaria et al, 2015). With regards to the allegation of its detrimental health effects (Hiroko & Desrochers, 2012), palm oil has long been denigrated by its opponents (often producers of potential alternatives) as being "impure, unhealthy, outright dangerous, and a threat to the environment".…”

Section: Basis Of the Controversy On Health Effects Of Palm Oilmentioning

confidence: 99%

Brief Review on the Controversies around Oil Palm (Elaeis Guineensis Jacq.) Production and Palm Oil Consumption

Godswill

Hermine

Ajambang

et al. 2016

IJRD

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Palm oil from <em>Elaeis guineensis</em> Jacq. of the Arecaceae family is the main traditional cooking oil in most parts of tropical Africa. Oil palm cultivation requires large areas of land and the consumption of crude palm oil from it raises health concerns notably with regards to the incidence of cardiovascular disease and obesity. The industry has therefore been faced with two major controversies. Firstly, palm oil which contains about 50% saturated fatty acids is considered to be unhealthy for human consumption because its saturated fatty acids raise blood LDL cholesterol level and increase the risk of the above mentioned diseases. Secondly, due to its land intensive nature, the oil palm industry is linked to deforestation, climate change and socioeconomic instability. For these reasons, the oil palm industry has been at the forefront of environmental and reputational challenges. This paper briefly presents an overview of these controversies surrounding the oil palm industry, while highlighting the possible outlets for environmentally friendly production processes and improvement strategies for better oil quality.

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Biological and Nutritional Properties of Palm Oil and Palmitic Acid: Effects on Health

Cited by 341 publications

References 143 publications

Acute dietary fat intake initiates alterations in energy metabolism and insulin resistance

Acute dietary fat intake initiates alterations in energy metabolism and insulin resistance

Effects of Palm Oil Consumption on Lipid Profile among Rural Ivorian Youth

Brief Review on the Controversies around Oil Palm (Elaeis Guineensis Jacq.) Production and Palm Oil Consumption

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