Biological and Molecular Characteristics of an HEV Isolate Associated with Recent Acute Outbreaks of Encephalomyelitis in Quebec Pig Farms

Sasseville, A. Marie-Josée; Gélinas, Anne-Marie; Sawyer, Nicole; Boutin, Martine; Dea, S.

doi:10.1007/978-1-4615-1325-4_8

Cited by 16 publications

(16 citation statements)

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“…Interestingly, a truncation of the BCoV ns4.9 protein represents a significant difference between bovine respiratory and enteric coronavirus isolates, suggesting a possible role of ns4.9 in tissue tropism preference (7,24). Of the PHEV strains compared in this study, the PHEV-IAF404 isolate may be more invasive for the CNS, as it was reported to cause encephalomyelitis associated with paralysis in addition to the manifestations of vomiting and wasting disease (25). Therefore, it would be possible that the ns4.9 protein plays a role in the ability or inability of a PHEV strain to disseminate into the CNS.…”

mentioning

confidence: 96%

Evolutionary History of the Closely Related Group 2 Coronaviruses: Porcine Hemagglutinating Encephalomyelitis Virus, Bovine Coronavirus, and Human Coronavirus OC43

Vijgen

Keyaerts

Lemey

et al. 2006

J Virol

230

227

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The close genetic and antigenic relatedness among the group 2 coronaviruses human coronavirus OC43 (HCoV-OC43), bovine coronavirus (BCoV), and porcine hemagglutinating encephalomyelitis virus (PHEV) suggests that these three viruses with different host specificities diverged fairly recently. In this study, we determined the complete genomic sequence of PHEV (strain PHEV-VW572), revealing the presence of a truncated group 2-specific ns2 gene in PHEV in comparison to other group 2 coronaviruses. Using a relaxed molecular clock approach, we reconstructed the evolutionary relationships between PHEV, BCoV, and HCoV-OC43 in real-time units, which indicated relatively recent common ancestors for these species-specific coronaviruses.Coronaviruses (family Coronaviridae, order Nidovirales) are large, enveloped, positive-stranded RNA viruses with a typical crown-like appearance. Their viral genomes (27 to 32 kb) are some of the largest known among all RNA viruses (12). Based on genetic and serological relationships, coronaviruses can be classified into three groups (8). Group 2 coronaviruses include murine hepatitis virus (MHV), bovine coronavirus (BCoV), human coronavirus OC43 (HCoV-OC43), rat sialodacryoadenitis virus, porcine hemagglutinating encephalomyelitis virus (PHEV), canine respiratory coronavirus, and equine coronavirus.PHEV was first isolated in 1962 in Canada from suckling piglets with encephalomyelitis (9, 18) and is now found to be widespread among swine worldwide, with frequent subclinical infections among swine. The virus has a strong tropism for epithelial cells of the upper respiratory tract and for the central nervous system (CNS) and is transmitted through nasal secretions (1). In addition to clinical signs of encephalomyelitis, vomiting and wasting disease can be another manifestation of PHEV infection in piglets (22). The clinical symptoms of vomiting and wasting are assumed to be centrally induced by infection of the vagus nerve, but a possible further dissemination of the virus into the CNS may lead to centrally induced motoric disorders.In this study, we determined the full-length genome sequence of the PHEV-VW572 strain and we reconstructed the common evolutionary history of PHEV and the closely related BCoV and HCoV-OC43. The PHEV-VW572 strain was isolated in Belgium in 1972 from the tonsils of two diseased pigs obtained from a litter in which an outbreak of vomiting and wasting disease occurred without further progression towards CNS motoric disorders (23). The isolate was propagated in a primary porcine kidney cell line. To determine the full-length genome sequence, primers developed for sequencing of group 2 coronaviruses, as described previously, were used (33).Multiple sequence alignments were prepared using ClustalX version 1.82 (30) and manually edited in GeneDoc (21). Maximum-likelihood phylogenetic analyses were conducted in Tree-Puzzle 5.1 using the VT (Mueller-Vingron 2000) model of amino acid substitution and a gamma distribution to model among-site rate heterogeneity (29). The SimPl...

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confidence: 96%

Evolutionary History of the Closely Related Group 2 Coronaviruses: Porcine Hemagglutinating Encephalomyelitis Virus, Bovine Coronavirus, and Human Coronavirus OC43

Vijgen

Keyaerts

Lemey

et al. 2006

J Virol

230

227

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“…They cause localized infections of the respiratory and/or intestinal tracts, with the exception of HEV and Feline infectious peritonitis virus, which cause systemic infections (Saif, 1993). HEV infection appears to be widespread in Japan and Canada (Hirano et al, 1999;Sasseville et al, 2001). In August 2006, a fatal outbreak of HEV infection occurred as an emerging infectious disease in Argentina.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of Porcine haemagglutinating encephalomyelitis virus receptor in PK cell membranes

Song

et al. 2008

Chin. J. Agric. Biotechnol.

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To identify Porcine haemagglutinating encephalomyelitis virus (HEV) 67N receptor in porcine kidney (PK) cell membranes, the S1 protein of HEV was expressed in Pichia pastoris and purified by Ni 2 + affinity chromatograph. Polyclonal antibodies to HEV were prepared by immunizing rabbits by injecting the purified S1 protein four times. After SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), the PK cell membrane proteins were transferred on to nitrocellulose membrane. A virus overlay protein binding assay (VOPBA) was performed using the recombinant S1 protein to identify the protein binding receptor, HEV-S1. The result showed that HEV-S1 protein bound to one band (about 90 kDa) in PK cell membranes. This result is very important for the study of the pathogenic mechanism of HEV.

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“…During the autumn of 1998, outbreaks of fatal PHEV infection in pigs were reported in Quebec and Ontario, Canada; the causal virus (IAF-404) was isolated from the brains of diseased pigs [8]. In 2006, an outbreak of vomiting, wasting, and encephalomyelitis syndrome was caused by PHEV in piglets in Argentina, where 16.9 % of the deaths occured among pigs that had not been weaned, and an estimated 12.6 % of pigs that died had suspected PHEV infection [8]. Recently, many serological surveys have revealed that PHEV infection in swine has been widespread worldwide [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification and genetic characterization of porcine hemagglutinating encephalomyelitis virus from domestic piglets in China

Dong

Zhao

et al. 2014

Arch Virol

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In this study, we investigated an acute outbreak of porcine hemagglutinating encephalomyelitis on a farm of 127 pigs in Jilin province, China. Porcine hemagglutinating encephalomyelitis virus (PHEV) was detected in suckling and weaning pigs by RT-PCR assays. Coronavirus-like particles were observed by electron microscopy. The virus isolate was designated PHEV-JT06. The clinical signs, nervous symptoms and positive labeling of neurons in the cerebral cortex with an immunohistochemical stain in PHEV-JT06-infected BALB/c mice supported the diagnosis of PHEV infection. The five full-length PHEV-JT06 structural genes were cloned, sequenced and analyzed. Phylogenetic studies based on the nucleotide and amino acid sequences of the five genes in the outbreak showed that PHEV remained genetically stable. PHEV shares 95.3-99.3% amino acid sequence identity with American strains (AY078417), suggesting that the Chinese isolate is most likely derived from the North American strain. Additionally, PHEV, HCoV-OC43 and BCoV were genetically close. These results may provide some insights into the genotype of the etiological agent responsible for the porcine hemagglutinating encephalomyelitis outbreak and could also provide a comparative view of the genomics of the five structural proteins of PHEV.

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Biological and Molecular Characteristics of an HEV Isolate Associated with Recent Acute Outbreaks of Encephalomyelitis in Quebec Pig Farms

Cited by 16 publications

References 5 publications

Evolutionary History of the Closely Related Group 2 Coronaviruses: Porcine Hemagglutinating Encephalomyelitis Virus, Bovine Coronavirus, and Human Coronavirus OC43

Evolutionary History of the Closely Related Group 2 Coronaviruses: Porcine Hemagglutinating Encephalomyelitis Virus, Bovine Coronavirus, and Human Coronavirus OC43

Identification of Porcine haemagglutinating encephalomyelitis virus receptor in PK cell membranes

Identification and genetic characterization of porcine hemagglutinating encephalomyelitis virus from domestic piglets in China

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