Biological and genetic contributors to violence: Widom's untold tale.

DiLalla, Lisabeth F.; Gottesman, Irving I.

doi:10.1037/0033-2909.109.1.125

Cited by 190 publications

(114 citation statements)

References 45 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

110

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…For example, because parents who have histories of antisocial behavior (which is moderately heritable) 14 are at elevated risk of abusing their children, maltreatment may be a marker for genetic risk that parents transmit to children rather than a causal risk factor for children's conduct problems. 15 Evocative (or reactive) rGE refers to the association between an individual's genetically influenced behavior and the reaction of those in the individual's environment to that behavior. For example, the association between marital conflict and depression may reflect the tensions that arise when engaging with a depressed spouse rather than a causal effect of marital conflict on risk for depression.…”

Section: Rge: Mechanismsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The research conducted by the COGA group on GABRA2 illustrates this concept. Edenberg et al 45 found that GABRA2 was not only strongly linked to alcohol dependence, but also to brain oscillations in the beta frequency range (13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21)(22)(23)(24)(25)(26)(27)(28). Beta rhythms reflect a balance between excitatory and inhibitory networks of nerve cells and this balance is thought to be regulated by the GABA A receptor.…”

Section: Genotype-environment Associations: Challenges In Identifyingmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Gene–environment correlations: a review of the evidence and implications for prevention of mental illness

2007

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Family studies have demonstrated genetic influences on environmental exposure: the phenomenon of gene-environment correlation (rGE). A few molecular genetic studies have confirmed the results, but the identification of rGE in studies that measure genes and environments faces several challenges. Using examples from studies in psychology and psychiatry, we integrate the behavioral and molecular genetic literatures on rGE, describe challenges in identifying rGE and discuss the implications of molecular genetic findings of rGE for future research on gene-environment interplay and for attempts to prevent disease by reducing environmental risk exposure. Genes affect environments indirectly, via behavior and personality characteristics. Associations between individual genetic variants and behaviors are typically small in magnitude, and downstream effects on environmental risk are further attenuated by behavioral mediation. Genotype-environment associations are most likely to be detected when the environment is behaviorally modifiable and highly specified and a plausible mechanism links gene and behavior. rGEs play an important causal role in psychiatric illness. Although research efforts should concentrate on elucidating the genetic underpinnings of behavior rather than the environment itself, the identification of rGE may suggest targets for environmental intervention even in highly heritable disease. Prevention efforts must address the possibility of confounding between rGE and gene-environment interaction (G Â E).

show abstract

Section: Rge: Mechanismsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Genotype-environment Associations: Challenges In Identifyingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gene–environment correlations: a review of the evidence and implications for prevention of mental illness

2007

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…There have been reports of early sexual and physical abuse among psychopathic offenders (Farrington, 2006) but the effects Prevalence and Correlates of Psychopathic Traits in the Household Population 23 are small and inconsistent, and any observed associations are not necessarily causal in nature (DiLalla & Gottesman, 1991). No information on circumstances of admission to a psychiatric hospital was available to explain associations with the Lifestyle and Antisocial factors.…”

Section: Prevalence and Correlates Of Psychopathic Traits In The Housmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence and correlates of psychopathic traits in the household population of Great Britain

Coid

Yang

Ullrich

et al. 2009

International Journal of Law and Psychiatry

276

175

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

There are no previous surveys of psychopathy and psychopathic traits in representative general population samples using standardized instruments. This study aimed to measure prevalence and correlates of psychopathic traits, based on a two-phase survey using the Psychopathy Checklist: Screening Version (PCL: SV) in 638 individuals, 16-74 years, in households in England, Wales and Scotland. The weighted prevalence of psychopathy was 0.6% (95% CI: 0.2-1.6) at a cut score of 13, similar to the noncriminal/nonpsychiatric sample described in the manual of the PCL: SV. Psychopathy scores correlated with: younger age, male gender; suicide attempts, violent behaviour, imprisonment and homelessness; drug dependence; histrionic, borderline and adult antisocial personality disorders; panic and obsessive-compulsive disorders. This survey demonstrated that, as measured by the PCL: SV, psychopathy is rare, affecting less than 1% of the household population, although it is prevalent among prisoners, homeless persons, and psychiatric admissions. There is a halfnormal distribution of psychopathic traits in the general population, with the majority having no traits, a significant proportion with non-zero values, and a severe subgroup of persons with multiple associated social and behavioral problems. This distribution has implications for research into the etiology of psychopathy and its implications for society.

show abstract

“…20 The association between familial adversity and mental health outcomes might be explained by rGE of two different kinds. 21 First, aggressive parents may transmit to their children both an adverse rearing environment and a genetic susceptibility toward developing psychopathology (passive rGE). Second, a child with a particular genotype may behave in ways that elicit harsh treatment (evocative rGE).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

MAOA, maltreatment, and gene–environment interaction predicting children's mental health: new evidence and a meta-analysis

et al. 2006

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Previous research on adults has shown that a functional polymorphism in the promoter region of the monoamine oxidase A (MAOA) gene moderates the impact of childhood maltreatment on risk for developing antisocial behavior. Thus far, attempts to replicate this finding have been mixed. The current study (i) presents new data investigating this finding in a sample of 975 seven-year-old boys, and (ii) evaluates the extant data by conducting a meta-analysis of published findings. We replicated the original finding by showing that the MAOA polymorphism moderates the development of psychopathology after exposure to physical abuse, we extended the finding to childhood closer in time to the maltreatment experience, and we ruledout the possibility of a spurious finding by accounting for passive and evocative geneenvironment correlation. Moreover, meta-analysis demonstrated that across studies, the association between maltreatment and mental health problems is significantly stronger in the group of males with the genotype conferring low vs high MAOA activity. These findings provide the strongest evidence to date suggesting that the MAOA gene influences vulnerability to environmental stress, and that this biological process can be initiated early in life. Molecular Psychiatry (2006) 11, 903-913.

show abstract

Biological and genetic contributors to violence: Widom's untold tale.

Cited by 190 publications

References 45 publications

Gene–environment correlations: a review of the evidence and implications for prevention of mental illness

Gene–environment correlations: a review of the evidence and implications for prevention of mental illness

Prevalence and correlates of psychopathic traits in the household population of Great Britain

MAOA, maltreatment, and gene–environment interaction predicting children's mental health: new evidence and a meta-analysis

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About