Biological and Chemical Diversity of Biogenic Volatile Organic Emissions into the Atmosphere

Guenther, Alex

doi:10.1155/2013/786290

Cited by 95 publications

(144 citation statements)

References 284 publications

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“…The VOC emission uncertainties can be due to a number of reasons such as (i) the small number of measured vehicles for the transportation sector, since the VOC species resolution rely on measurements, (ii) not enough available measurement data for the combustion-, process-and production-related emissions compared to the much higher number of individual emission sources, (iii) the large variety of the VOC compositions in the used solvents and (iv) the measurement uncertainties (Theloke and Friedrich, 2007). Biogenic VOC emission estimates, on the other hand, have higher uncertainties (a factor of 2-3) associated with their transformation in the atmosphere and the lack of sufficient measurements of biogenic species (Karl et al, 2009;Hogrefe et al, 2011;Oderbolz et al, 2013;Guenther, 2013). In addition, the marine transport sector is one of the least regulated anthropogenic emission sources, with emissions from ships having high uncertainties (EEA, 2016), and can have an important contribution to surface ozone in the Mediterranean Sea, coastal areas and to some extent over land (Tagaris et al, 2015(Tagaris et al, , 2017.…”

Section: Emissionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Low modeled ozone production suggests underestimation of precursor emissions (especially NOx) in Europe

et al. 2018

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Abstract. High surface ozone concentrations, which usually occur when photochemical ozone production takes place, pose a great risk to human health and vegetation. Air quality models are often used by policy makers as tools for the development of ozone mitigation strategies. However, the modeled ozone production is often not or not enough evaluated in many ozone modeling studies. The focus of this work is to evaluate the modeled ozone production in Europe indirectly, with the use of the ozone-temperature correlation for the summer of 2010 and to analyze its sensitivity to precursor emissions and meteorology by using the regional air quality model, the Comprehensive Air Quality Model with Extensions (CAMx). The results show that the model significantly underestimates the observed high afternoon surface ozone mixing ratios (≥ 60 ppb) by 10-20 ppb and overestimates the lower ones (< 40 ppb) by 5-15 ppb, resulting in a misleading good agreement with the observations for average ozone. The model also underestimates the ozone-temperature regression slope by about a factor of 2 for most of the measurement stations. To investigate the impact of emissions, four scenarios were tested: (i) increased volatile organic compound (VOC) emissions by a factor of 1.5 and 2 for the anthropogenic and biogenic VOC emissions, respectively, (ii) increased nitrogen oxide (NO x ) emissions by a factor of 2, (iii) a combination of the first two scenarios and (iv) increased trafficonly NO x emissions by a factor of 4. For southern, eastern, and central (except the Benelux area) Europe, doubling NO x emissions seems to be the most efficient scenario to reduce the underestimation of the observed high ozone mixing ratios without significant degradation of the model performance for the lower ozone mixing ratios. The model performance for ozone-temperature correlation is also better when NO x emissions are doubled. In the Benelux area, however, the third scenario (where both NO x and VOC emissions are increased) leads to a better model performance. Although increasing only the traffic NO x emissions by a factor of 4 gave very similar results to the doubling of all NO x emissions, the first scenario is more consistent with the uncertainties reported by other studies than the latter, suggesting that high uncertainties in NO x emissions might originate mainly from the road-transport sector rather than from other sectors. The impact of meteorology was examined with three sensitivity tests: (i) increased surface temperature by 4 • C, (ii) reduced wind speed by 50 % and (iii) doubled wind speed. The first two scenarios led to a consistent increase in all surface ozone mixing ratios, thus improving the model performance for the high ozone values but significantly degrading it for the low ozone values, while the third scenario had exactly the opposite effects. Overall, the modeled ozone is predicted to be more sensitive to its precursor emissions (especially traffic NO x ) and therefore their uncertainties, which seem to be responsible for the model un...

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Section: Emissionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Low modeled ozone production suggests underestimation of precursor emissions (especially NOx) in Europe

et al. 2018

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“…Iso-prenoids are poorly water-soluble and highly reactive in the atmosphere. Isoprenoids are a very diverse group of chemical species (Guenther, 2013). Daytime lifetimes of isoprene, monoterpenes, and sesquiterpenes in the ambient air vary from hours to minutes (Rinne et al, 2007;Bouvier-Brown et al, 2009;Guenther, 2013;Peräkylä et al, 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Contribution of understorey vegetation and soil processes to boreal forest isoprenoid exchange

et al. 2017

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Abstract. Boreal forest floor emits biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs) from the understorey vegetation and the heterogeneous soil matrix, where the interactions of soil organisms and soil chemistry are complex. Earlier studies have focused on determining the net exchange of VOCs from the forest floor. This study goes one step further, with the aim of separately determining whether the photosynthesized carbon allocation to soil affects the isoprenoid production by different soil organisms, i.e., decomposers, mycorrhizal fungi, and roots. In each treatment, photosynthesized carbon allocation through roots for decomposers and mycorrhizal fungi was controlled by either preventing root ingrowth (50 µm mesh size) or the ingrowth of roots and fungi (1 µm mesh) into the soil volume, which is called the trenching approach. Isoprenoid fluxes were measured using dynamic (steady-state flow-through) chambers from the different treatments. This study aimed to analyze how important the understorey vegetation is as a VOC sink. Finally, a statistical model was constructed based on prevailing temperature, seasonality, trenching treatments, understory vegetation cover, above canopy photosynthetically active radiation (PAR), soil water content, and soil temperature to estimate isoprenoid fluxes. The final model included parameters with a statistically significant effect on the isoprenoid fluxes. The results show that the boreal forest floor emits monoterpenes, sesquiterpenes, and isoprene. Monoterpenes were the most common group of emitted isoprenoids, and the average flux from the non-trenched forest floor was 23 µg m −2 h −1 . The results also show that different biological factors, including litterfall, carbon availability, biological activity in the soil, and physico-chemical processes, such as volatilization and absorption to the surfaces, are important at various times of the year. This study also discovered that understorey vegetation is a strong sink of monoterpenes. The statistical model, based on prevailing temperature, seasonality, vegetation effect, and the interaction of these parameters, explained 43 % of the monoterpene fluxes, and 34-46 % of individual α-pinene, camphene, β-pinene, and 3 -carene fluxes.

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“…Isoprene is a hemiterpenoid species and is the globally dominant VOC emission from vegetation (Arneth et al, 2011;Guenther, 2013). Arguably, isoprene is the most frequently studied BVOC from the perspective of atmospheric oxidation processes and their implications for ozone and aerosol formation.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, significant uncertainty hinders assessing the roles of isoprene in regional and global photochemistry in three fronts. First, there is still significant uncertainty in estimating emission rates from each individual plant species on regional scales (Guenther, 2013). Second, limited isoprene intercomparison results (Barket et al, 2001) suggest that there are large systematic biases among different analytical techniques.…”

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confidence: 99%

Impact of isoprene and HONO chemistry on ozone and OVOC formation in a semirural South Korean forest

Kim

Lee³

et al. 2015

Atmos. Chem. Phys.

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Abstract. Rapid urbanization and economic development in East Asia in past decades has led to photochemical air pollution problems such as excess photochemical ozone and aerosol formation. Asian megacities such as Seoul, Tokyo, Shanghai, Guangzhou, and Beijing are surrounded by densely forested areas, and recent research has consistently demonstrated the importance of biogenic volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from vegetation in determining oxidation capacity in the suburban Asian megacity regions. Uncertainties in constraining tropospheric oxidation capacity, dominated by hydroxyl radical, undermine our ability to assess regional photochemical air pollution problems. We present an observational data set of CO, NO x , SO 2 , ozone, HONO, and VOCs (anthropogenic and biogenic) from Taehwa research forest (TRF) near the Seoul metropolitan area in early June 2012. The data show that TRF is influenced both by aged pollution and fresh biogenic volatile organic compound emissions. With the data set, we diagnose HO x (OH, HO 2 , and RO 2 ) distributions calculated using the University of Washington chemical box model (UWCM v2.1) with nearexplicit VOC oxidation mechanisms from MCM v3.2 (Master Chemical Mechanism). Uncertainty from unconstrained HONO sources and radical recycling processes highlighted in recent studies is examined using multiple model simulations with different model constraints. The results suggest that (1) different model simulation scenarios cause systematic differences in HO x distributions, especially OH levels (up to 2.5 times), and (2) radical destruction (HO 2 + HO 2 or HO 2 + RO 2 ) could be more efficient than radical recycling (RO 2 + NO), especially in the afternoon. Implications of the uncertainties in radical chemistry are discussed with respect to ozone-VOC-NO x sensitivity and VOC oxidation product formation rates. Overall, the NO x limited regime is assessed except for the morning hours (8 a.m. to 12 p.m. local standard time), but the degree of sensitivity can significantly vary depending on the model scenarios. The model results also suggest that RO 2 levels are positively correlated with oxygenated VOCs (OVOCs) production that is not routinely constrained by observations. These unconstrained OVOCs can cause higher-than-expected OH loss rates (missing OH reactivity) and secondary organic aerosol formation. The series of modeling experiments constrained by observations strongly urge observational constraint of the radical pool to enable precise understanding of regional photochemical pollution problems in the East Asian megacity region.

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Biological and Chemical Diversity of Biogenic Volatile Organic Emissions into the Atmosphere

Cited by 95 publications

References 284 publications

Low modeled ozone production suggests underestimation of precursor emissions (especially NO<sub><i>x</i></sub>) in Europe

Low modeled ozone production suggests underestimation of precursor emissions (especially NO<sub><i>x</i></sub>) in Europe

Contribution of understorey vegetation and soil processes to boreal forest isoprenoid exchange

Impact of isoprene and HONO chemistry on ozone and OVOC formation in a semirural South Korean forest

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Biological and Chemical Diversity of Biogenic Volatile Organic Emissions into the Atmosphere

Cited by 95 publications

References 284 publications

Low modeled ozone production suggests underestimation of precursor emissions (especially NO&lt;sub&gt;&lt;i&gt;x&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/sub&gt;) in Europe

Low modeled ozone production suggests underestimation of precursor emissions (especially NO&lt;sub&gt;&lt;i&gt;x&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/sub&gt;) in Europe

Contribution of understorey vegetation and soil processes to boreal forest isoprenoid exchange

Impact of isoprene and HONO chemistry on ozone and OVOC formation in a semirural South Korean forest

Contact Info

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Low modeled ozone production suggests underestimation of precursor emissions (especially NO<sub><i>x</i></sub>) in Europe

Low modeled ozone production suggests underestimation of precursor emissions (especially NO<sub><i>x</i></sub>) in Europe