Biological and Cellular Functions of the Microdomain-Associated FWL/CNR Protein Family in Plants

Thibivilliers, Sandra; Farmer, Andrew; Libault, Marc

doi:10.3390/plants9030377

Cited by 9 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 89 publications

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“…Recent studies have established that the GmFWL1 protein is located in plasma membrane microdomains [27,28], shedding light on the molecular function of plant FWL proteins. Membrane microdomains are sub-compartments of biological membranes and comprise special lipids and proteins [23,45]. They play important roles in diverse biological processes, such as membrane transport and signal transduction [45,53].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The FW2.2 protein harbors an uncharacterized placenta-specific 8 domain, and is localized to the plasma membrane [21,22]. FW2.2-like (FWL) genes have been characterized in various plant species and reported to perform diverse functions [23][24][25]. Cell Number Regulator1 (CNR1), an FWL gene in maize, negatively regulates plant and organ size by controlling cell division [22].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mutation in OsFWL7 Affects Cadmium and Micronutrient Metal Accumulation in Rice

Gao

Liu

Zhou

et al. 2021

IJMS

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Micronutrient metals, such as Mn, Cu, Fe, and Zn, are essential heavy metals for plant growth and development, while Cd is a nonessential heavy metal that is highly toxic to both plants and humans. Our understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying Cd and micronutrient metal accumulation in plants remains incomplete. Here, we show that OsFWL7, an FW2.2-like (FWL) family gene in Oryza sativa, is preferentially expressed in the root and encodes a protein localized to the cell membrane. The osfwl7 mutation reduces both the uptake and the root-to-shoot translocation of Cd in rice plants. Additionally, the accumulation of micronutrient metals, including Mn, Cu, and Fe, was lower in osfwl7 mutants than in the wildtype plants under normal growth conditions. Moreover, the osfwl7 mutation affects the expression of several heavy metal transporter genes. Protein interaction analyses reveal that rice FWL proteins interact with themselves and one another, and with several membrane microdomain marker proteins. Our results suggest that OsFWL7 is involved in Cd and micronutrient metal accumulation in rice. Additionally, rice FWL proteins may form oligomers and some of them may be located in membrane microdomains.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mutation in OsFWL7 Affects Cadmium and Micronutrient Metal Accumulation in Rice

Gao

Liu

Zhou

et al. 2021

IJMS

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“…The PLAC8 motif is present in hundreds of proteins in plants, animals and fungi, ranging in size from 108 to 557 amino acids (Guo et al, 2010;Song et al, 2011). In a recent survey, Thibivilliers et al (2020) restricted the plant CNR/FWL family to 134 members across 13 different species belonging to various phyla of the plant kingdom. The PLAC8 domain is composed of one or two hydrophobic segments, predicted to form transmembrane (TM) helices (Song et al, 2004).…”

Section: Fw22 and Cnr/fwl Are Transmembrane Proteins Containing A Pla...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As identified by Thibivilliers et al (2020), the CNR/FWL family in tomato is made up of twelve members, including FW2.2. Unfortunately, there is no functional analysis yet available for FW2.2 and the SlFWLs.…”

Section: Fw22 and Its Homologs Play A Part In Plant Organogenesis And...mentioning

confidence: 99%

In search of the still unknown function of FW2.2/CELL NUMBER REGULATOR, a major regulator of fruit size in tomato

Beauchet

Gévaudant

González

et al. 2021

Journal of Experimental Botany

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The FW2.2 gene is associated with the major Quantitative Trait Locus (QTL) governing fruit size in tomato, and acts by negatively controlling cell division during fruit development. FW2.2 belongs to a multigene family named the CELL NUMBER REGULATOR (CNR) family. The CNR proteins harbour the uncharacterized PLAC8 motif made of two conserved cysteine-rich domains separated by a variable region that are predicted to be transmembrane segments, and indeed FW2.2 localizes to the plasma membrane. Although FW2.2 was cloned more than two decades ago, the molecular mechanisms of FW2.2 action remain unknown. Especially, how FW2.2 functions to regulate cell cycle and fruit growth, and thus fruit size, is yet not understood. We here review the current knowledge on PLAC8-containing CNR/FWL proteins in plants, which are described to participate in plant organogenesis and the regulation of organ size, especially in fruits, and in Cadmium resistance, ion homeostasis and/or Ca2+ signalling. Within the plasma membrane, FW2.2 and some CNR/FWL are localized in microdomains, which is supported by recent data from interactomics studies. Hence FW2.2 and CNR/FWL could be involved in a transport function of signalling molecules across membranes, thus influencing organ growth via a cell-to-cell trafficking mechanism.

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“…Moreover, it was found that the kelch-repeat domain of IbFBK interacts with IbCNR8 (CELL NUMBER REGULATOR 8), which was suggested to lead to the ubiquitination and degradation of IbCNR8. CNRs are transmembrane proteins known as the regulators of plant organ size (see [174]). In soybean, the member of the CNR protein family, GmFWL1, has been identified, which exclusively is expressed in the root hair cells in response to rhizobia and in the nodules.…”

Section: Players Of Systemic Response To Nutrient Availability and Their Role In Nodulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

At the Root of Nodule Organogenesis: Conserved Regulatory Pathways Recruited by Rhizobia

Lebedeva

Azarakhsh

Sadikova

et al. 2021

Plants

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The interaction between legume plants and soil bacteria rhizobia results in the formation of new organs on the plant roots, symbiotic nodules, where rhizobia fix atmospheric nitrogen. Symbiotic nodules represent a perfect model to trace how the pre-existing regulatory pathways have been recruited and modified to control the development of evolutionary “new” organs. In particular, genes involved in the early stages of lateral root development have been co-opted to regulate nodule development. Other regulatory pathways, including the players of the KNOX-cytokinin module, the homologues of the miR172-AP2 module, and the players of the systemic response to nutrient availability, have also been recruited to a unique regulatory program effectively governing symbiotic nodule development. The role of the NIN transcription factor in the recruitment of such regulatory modules to nodulation is discussed in more details.

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Biological and Cellular Functions of the Microdomain-Associated FWL/CNR Protein Family in Plants

Cited by 9 publications

References 89 publications

Mutation in OsFWL7 Affects Cadmium and Micronutrient Metal Accumulation in Rice

Mutation in OsFWL7 Affects Cadmium and Micronutrient Metal Accumulation in Rice

In search of the still unknown function of FW2.2/CELL NUMBER REGULATOR, a major regulator of fruit size in tomato

At the Root of Nodule Organogenesis: Conserved Regulatory Pathways Recruited by Rhizobia

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