Biological and Biochemical Characterization of Macrophage Activating Factor (MAF) in Murine Lymphocytes: Role of Mannopyranosyl Residue of the MAF Molecule in Macrophage Activation

Yoshimura, Fuminobu; Kagaya, Keiko; Miura, Hiroshi

doi:10.1111/j.1348-0421.1981.tb00124.x

Cited by 12 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…In this decade, many papers have been published on animal lectins specifically binding to N-acetyl-D-glucosamine, D-glucosamine, and D-mannose residues on the surface of phagocytic cells (2,5,19). According to the description by Oda et al (13), significant suppression of the phagocytic effects on fungal cells was observed for macrophages treated with D-mannose, D-glucosamine, and N-acetyl-D-glucosamine in vitro.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of N‐Acetylchito‐Oligosaccharides on Activation of Phagocytes

Suzuki

Tokoro

Okawa

et al. 1986

Microbiology and Immunology

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Four N-acetylchito-oligosaccharides, from tetra-N-acetylchitotetraose (NACOS-4) to hepta-N-acetylchitoheptaose (NACOS-7), were found to increase the number of peritoneal exudate cells (PEC) in male BALB/c mice after 3 hr intraperitoneal administration of 50 mg/kg of each oligosaccharide. The number of attracted cells, consisting largely of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN), was proportional to the molecular weights of the administered oligosaccharides, except for NACOS-7 which displayed the same activity as NACOS-6. In an in vitro chemotaxis assay using normal mouse leukocytes, it was found that NACOS-6 displayed stronger effects than muramyl dipeptide. The PEC from NACOS-6 treated mice showed a higher active oxygen-generating activity. PMN from normal mouse peripheral blood were also shown to have enhanced active oxygen-generating activity in vitro. PEC from NACOS-6 treated mice were shown to possess strong candidacidal activity in vitro.In the previous papers of this series (16, 18), we revealed that chitin and chitosan displayed growth-inhibitory effects against tumor cells or pathogenic microbes inoculated in the peritoneal cavity of mice. The mechanism of these actions of both polysaccharides were assumed to involve the activation of phagocytic cells exuded into the peritoneal cavity from blood and lymphoid fluid through the peritoneal membrane due to intraperitoneal administration of these polysaccharides.However, the water-insolubility of chitin and chitosan makes them disadvantageous as immunotherapeutic agents. Therefore, we attempted to estimate the immunopotentiating effect of the water-soluble, smaller molecular analogs of chitin and chitosan such as N-acetylchito-oligosaccharides (NACOS) and chito-oligosaccharides (COS). Recently, we published a preliminary paper (17) stating that NACOS were able to increase the generation of active oxygen from mouse PEC. In the present paper, details of the effects of NACOS on phagocytic cells are reported.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of N‐Acetylchito‐Oligosaccharides on Activation of Phagocytes

Suzuki

Tokoro

Okawa

et al. 1986

Microbiology and Immunology

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“…Correspondingly, the ability of KO3 LPS to induce interleukin-1 secretion in cultures of mouse peritoneal macrophages is significantly greater than that of E. coli O127 LPS (10). Rat alveolar macrophages (21) and mouse peritoneal macrophages (2,22) are known to possess mannose-binding protein on their surface. Recently it has been shown that muramyldipeptide (MDP) activates only slightly rat or mouse alveolar macrophages in rendering tumoricidal activity and the activation of alveolar macrophages is dramatically enhanced by MDP bound to a neoglycoprotein (mannosylated bovine serum albumin) (12).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adjuvant Activity of Klebsiella O3 Lipopolysaccharide: Inhibition of the Adjuvant Activity by Concanavalin A

Kato

Kido

Ohta

et al. 1985

Microbiology and Immunology

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Klebsiella O3 lipopolysaccharide (KO3 LPS) was found to exhibit extraordinarily strong adjuvant activity in augmenting antibody responses and delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) to protein antigens in mice. The O-specific polysaccharide chain of KO3 LPS consists of a-mannoside. We investigated the effect of concanavalin A (Con A) or succinyl Con A, which is known to bind to a-mannoside, on the adjuvant activity of KO3 LPS in augmenting DTH to ovalbumin. When KO3 LPS was mixed with Con A prior to injection, the strong adjuvant activity of KO3 LPS in augmenting DTH was inhibited and the degree of inhibition depended upon the dose of Con A. An equal amount of Con A elicited nearly complete inhibition of the adjuvant activity of KO3 LPS, Con A at 1/10 the amount of LPS elicited partial inhibition, and Con A at 1/100 the amount of LPS showed no inhibition. An equal amount of succinyl Con A, which induced less marked aggregation of KO3 LPS than Con A, elicited inhibition of the adjuvant activity of KO3 LPS to an extent similar to that by Con A. On the other hand, Con A or succinyl Con A bound to KO3 LPS did not impair in any way the lethal toxicity of KO3 LPS for mice which is known to be due to the lipid A moiety. From these findings it is concluded that the strong adjuvant activity of KO3 LPS does not solely depend upon the lipid A moiety but the O-specific polysaccharide moiety plays an important role in expression of the adjuvant activity.The Klebsiella O3 lipopolysaccharide (KO3 LPS) exhibits a very strong adjuvant activity in augmenting antibody responses and delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) to protein antigens in SMA mice as compared with other kinds of LPS from Escherichia coli O55, O111, and O127, Salmonella enteritidis, etc. (8,9,[13][14][15][16][17]. By hydrolysis in 1% acetic acid at 100 C for 1 hr, KO3 LPS is dissociated into a polysaccharide fraction (63%) and a lipid A fraction (24%) (5). Recently we found that neither the lipid A fraction nor the polysaccharide fraction can reproduce the strong adjuvant activity of KO3 LPS and a simple mixture of these two fractions also failed to do so (7). Furthermore, it has been found that LPS from Klebsiella 05 and from E. coli O8 and O9 exhibit very strong adjuvant activity in a similar degree to that of KO3 LPS in augmenting antibody responses and DTH to protein antigens (unpublished observations). The common feature of the chemical structures of these four kinds of LPS is that they have linear homopolysaccharides consisting of 20 5

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“…They are released by T-lymphocytes, other macrophages, and endothelial cells after activation by antigens, mitogens, or inflammatory cytokines (Fukazawa, Kagaya, & Miura, 1981). MCF attracts macrophages to migrate to the infected tissue (Handa, Mitsuyama, Serushago, Muramori, & Nomoto, 1988).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%