Biological affinities of Okhotsk-culture people with East Siberians and Arctic people based on dental characteristics

Matsumura, Hirofumi; Ishida, Hajime; Amano, Tetsuya; Ono, Hiroko; Yoneda, Minoru

doi:10.1537/ase.080513

Cited by 18 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Possible relationships among the Jomon (and/ or Ainu), prehistoric Europeans, and prehistoric Americans have repeatedly been suggested (Yamaguchi, 1982;Brace et al, 2001;Tokunaga et al, 2001;Jantz and Owsley, 2003;Hanihara and Ishida, 2009) because of lack of craniofacial modernization or gracilization in the Jomon (Suzuki, 1981;Yamaguchi, 1982). This study also supports such an interpretation, although other studies show Jomon affinities with other populations, such as northeastern Asians (Komesu et al, 2008;Matsumura et al, 2009). …”

Section: Jomonsupporting

confidence: 71%

Craniometric divergence history of the Japanese populations

Ishida

Hanihara

Kondo

et al. 2009

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The Japan Islands, a small island chain on the western rim of the circum-Pacific region, have experienced several cultural contacts and human migrations from northern and eastern continental Asia. In this study, craniometric diversification of Asian peoples was assessed using the R-matrix method based on 21 metric traits in 25 representative male and female samples of prehistoric and modern northeastern and eastern Asians, including inhabitants of the Japan Islands. The prehistoric series show, in general, greater observed variance than expected. In the Japanese series, the greater than expected variation of the Jomon is strongly contrasted with the lower level of variability seen in the continental immigrant Yayoi, suggesting a founder effect stemming from the small population size of the initial immigrants represented by the Yayoi series. Scattergrams based on the morphological distances transformed from the R-matrix showed that the Jomon, Ainu, and prehistoric Okhotsk (northeastern immigrants to the Japan Islands) were isolated from the main eastern and northeastern Asian cluster, suggesting greater phenotypic diversity in the Japan Islanders. Despite less variability in the Yayoi series, the phenotypic contribution of the Yayoi to the main-island Japanese populations was considerable, probably because of the existence of successive immigrants after the Yayoi period and/or a higher growth rate of the Yayoi immigrant groups. An assessment of intra-regional variation of the five major Asian regional series by the R-matrix method confirmed that the Japanese series representing populations living on small islands have greater craniometric diversity than the Arctic and Coastal northeastern Asian samples.

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Section: Jomonsupporting

confidence: 71%

Craniometric divergence history of the Japanese populations

Ishida

Hanihara

Kondo

et al. 2009

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“…The Jomon are widely thought to have settled the Japanese archipelago c. 15700 to 2350 years BP (Kobayashi, 2008) and ranged geographically from Hokkaido to Okinawa. Morphological studies of dental variation have suggested that the Jomon people were of southern origin (Turner, 1987(Turner, , 1990Hanihara, 1991;Matsumura, 2007;Matsumura et al, 2009). On the other hand, archaeology, genetics, and recent cranial morphology studies suggest that the Jomon people were of northern origin (Nei, 1995;Imamura, 1996;Omoto and Saitou, 1997;Hanihara and Ishida, 2009;Nakashima et al, 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ancient mitochondrial DNA sequences of Jomon teeth samples from Sanganji, Tohoku district, Japan

Kanzawa-Kiriyama

Saso

Suwa

et al. 2013

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We investigated mitochondrial DNA haplogroups of four Jomon individuals from the Sanganji shell mound in Fukushima, Tohoku district, Japan. Partial nucleotide sequences of the coding and control region of mitochondrial DNA were determined. The success rate of sequencing increased when we analyzed short DNA sequences. We identified haplogroups from all four samples that were analyzed; haplogroup frequencies were 50% (n = 2) for N9b and 50% (n = 2) for M7a2. Haplogroup N9b has been previously observed in high frequencies in the other Tohoku Jomon, Hokkaido Jomon, Okhotsk, and Ainu peoples, whereas its frequency was reported to be low in the Kanto Jomon and the modern mainland Japanese. Sub-haplogroup M7a2 has previously been reported in the Hokkaido Jomon, Okhotsk, and modern Udegey (southern Siberia) peoples, but not in the Kanto Jomon, Ainu, or Ryukyuan peoples. Principal component analysis and phylogenetic network analysis revealed that, based on haplogroup frequencies, the Tohoku Jomon was genetically closer to the Hokkaido Jomon and Udegey people, than to the Kanto Jomon or mainland modern Japanese. The available evidence suggests genetic differences between the Tohoku and Kanto regions in the Jomon period, and greater genetic similarity between the Tohoku Jomon and the other investigated ancient (Hokkaido Jomon, Okhotsk) and modern (Siberian, Udegey in particular) populations. At the same time, the Tohoku and Hokkaido Jomon seem to differ in sub-haplotype representations, suggesting complexity in Jomon population structure and history.

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“…This is particularly of concern regarding the female Epi-Jomon/Satsumon metric and combined-sex nonmetric datasets. At the same time, it remains possible that sex-related population history and subsistence pattern, as well as differential retention/speciation of phenotypic characteristics between metric and nonmetric dental features, have something to do with such discordance (Hanihara and Ishida, 2005;Hanihara et al, 2008;Hanihara, 2010a;Matsumura et al, 2009).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Many dental anthropologists see the Ainu (and the Jomon) as Southeast Asian sundadonts (Turner, 1987(Turner, , 1990(Turner, , 1992aHanihara, 1991;Matsumura, 1995Matsumura, , 2007Matsumura and Hudson, 2005;Manabe et al, 2008;Matsumura et al, 2009). It is often pointed out, moreover, that extensive dental size reduction occurs exclusively in Ainu and their Jomon predecessors, together with the Philippine Negritos in eastern Asia (Brace et al, 1989(Brace et al, , 1991Brace and Hunt, 1990;Hanihara and Ishida, 2005;Matsumura and Hudson, 2005).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Comparative studies of the Ainu, their ancestors, and neighbors: assessment based on metric and nonmetric dental data

Kaburagi

Ishida

Goto

et al. 2010

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Using Mahalanobis' generalized distance for odontometric data and Smith's mean measure of divergence for nonmetric dental data, interpopulation similarities between four local Ainu groups from Sakhalin Island and Hokkaido, as well as their supposedly ancestral and neighboring populations, were analyzed. In this study, multidimensional scaling and multidimensional plots by Andrews were applied to the distance matrices to visualize the intergroup relationships. The results obtained reconfirm the dental association between the prehistoric Jomon and the recent Ainu. However, the diversity of the recent Ainu in Hokkaido is not necessarily accommodated in a single regional populational lineage, the Jomon. The present findings also suggest that admixture between the immigrants from Northeast Asia as represented by the Okhotsk culture people and the indigenous inhabitants in Hokkaido during the 5th-12th centuries AD may in part have contributed to the formation of the physical characteristic of the recent Ainu. In particular, the female Okhotsk culture sample shows closer affinity to the northeastern Hokkaido and the Sakhalin Ainu in some of the analyses presented in this study. Such findings are compatible with those obtained by craniometric analyses, supporting the hypothesis of higher migration rates among females than among males due to patrilocality or the shorter matrilineal generation interval.

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Biological affinities of Okhotsk-culture people with East Siberians and Arctic people based on dental characteristics

Cited by 18 publications

References 31 publications

Craniometric divergence history of the Japanese populations

Craniometric divergence history of the Japanese populations

Ancient mitochondrial DNA sequences of Jomon teeth samples from Sanganji, Tohoku district, Japan

Comparative studies of the Ainu, their ancestors, and neighbors: assessment based on metric and nonmetric dental data

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