Biological activity of Xanthium strumarium seed extracts on different cancer cell lines and Aedes caspius , Culex pipiens (Diptera: Culicidae)

Abstract

Effects of methanol extracts of on different cancer cell lines and on the mortality rates of (Diptera: Culicidae) were investigated. Among the cell lines tested, the Jurkat cell line was the most sensitive to the methanol extract and ethyl acetate fraction, with reported LC values of 50.18 and 48.73 μg/ml respectively. Conversely, methanol extracts were not that toxic to the A549 cell line though the toxicity increased on further purification. The percentage of growth inhibition was dose dependent for the methanol extract and ethyl acetate fraction. The ethyl acetate fraction showed higher toxicity to all cell lines tested when compared to the methanol extract. The results showed that methanol extracts of plant seeds caused 100% mortality of mosquito larvae at a concentration of 1000 μg/ml after 24 h of treatment. The LC and LC values of were found to be 531.07 and 905.95 μg/ml against and 502.32 and 867.63 μg/ml against respectively. From the investigations, it was concluded that the crude extract of showed a weak potential for controlling the larval instars of and. However, on further purification the extract lost the larvicidal activity. The ethyl acetate fraction showed higher toxicity to all cell lines tested when compared to the methanol extract. The ethyl acetate fraction investigated in this study appears to have a weak larvicidal activity but a promising cytotoxic activity. Future studies will include purification and investigation in further detail of the action of on Cancer Cell Lines and mosquitoes.

Larvicidal effect of hydroethanolic extract from the leaves of Acmella oleracea L. R. K. Jansen in Aedes aegypti and Culex quinquefasciatus

“…In contrast, other studies reported insecticidal activity from Clausena anisata extract with an LC 50 value of 59.65 ppm in 24 h (Mukandiwa et al, 2015), Xanthium strumarium seed extract with an LD 50 of 531.07 ppm against Aedes caspius and 502.32 ppm for Cx. pipiens larvae (Mekhlafi et al, 2017), and methanolic extract from the leaves of Crataeva magna with LC 50 values of 121.69, 132.09, and 147.27 ppm for Anophelles stephensi, Ae. aegypti, and Cx.…”

Biosynthesis of graphene‐metal nanocomposites using plant extract and their biological activities

“…Seed, fruit, leaf, root, and whole plant extracts are reported for different biological activities . Phytochemicals such as sesquiterpene lactones, polysterols, phenols, and glycosides are responsible for different biological activities . Stress applied on the graphite particles by sonication is transmitted in the sp hybridized carbons of the graphene planes.…”

“…Xanthium strumarium is a traditional medicinal plant with many human health beneficial properties such as antiseptic, anti-inflammatory, water retention, and treating kidney, liver, heart, and depression. 37,38 Seed, fruit, leaf, root, and whole plant extracts are reported for different biological activities. 39,40 Phytochemicals such as sesquiterpene lactones, polysterols, phenols, and glycosides are responsible for different biological activities.…”

“…39,40 Phytochemicals such as sesquiterpene lactones, polysterols, phenols, and glycosides are responsible for different biological activities. 38,40,41 Stress applied on the graphite particles by sonication is transmitted in the sp 2 hybridized carbons of the graphene planes. The van der Waals forces holding the graphene sheets together are possibly weakened by the combined action of sonication and phytochemical constituents.…”

Larvicidal efficacy of Scabiosa arenaria Forssk. (Dipsacaceae) organs extracts against Culex pipiens L.

“…Al-Mekhlafi et al [37] and Al-Mekhlafi [38] showed that the EtOAc fractions of Xanthium strumarium (Asteraceae) seeds and Carum copticum (Apiaceae) fruits appear to have a weak larvicidal activity. On the contrary, the methanol extracts showed the best results (LD 50 = 502.32 µg/ mL and 122.26 µg/mL, respectively).…”