Biological activity of plant extracts and isolated compounds from Alchornea laxiflora: Anti-HIV, antibacterial and cytotoxicity evaluation

Siwe‐Noundou, Xavier; Ndinteh, Derek Tantoh; Olivier, D.K.; Mnkandhla, Dumisani; Isaacs, Michelle; Muganza, Freddy Munyololo; Mbafor, Joseph Tanyi; Vuuren, Sandy van; Patnala, Srinivas; Hoppe, Heinrich C.; Krause, Rui Werner Maçedo

doi:10.1016/j.sajb.2018.08.010

Cited by 20 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…To verify the contribution of individual identified components of the pomegranate leaves, bark, and peel extracts to the inhibition of HIV-1 RT-associated RNase H and IN LEDGF-dependent activities, their effect on these enzymes was evaluated and their IC 50 values are shown in Table 3. Consistent with our findings, effects of ellagic acid on HIV-1 IN activity have previously been observed [49,50]. Ellagic acid was also found to be able to suppress the replication of X4-tropic HIV-1 in the target cells without cytotoxicity [50].…”

Section: Anti-hiv-1 Activity Of Pure Compounds Detected In Pgb Pgl and Pgpsupporting

confidence: 92%

In Vitro Anti-HIV-1 Reverse Transcriptase and Integrase Properties of Punica granatum L. Leaves, Bark, and Peel Extracts and Their Main Compounds

Sanna

Marengo

Acquadro

et al. 2021

Plants

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In a search for natural compounds with anti-HIV-1 activity, we studied the effect of the ethanolic extract obtained from leaves, bark, and peels of Punica granatum L. for the inhibition of the HIV-1 reverse transcriptase (RT)-associated ribonuclease H (RNase H) and integrase (IN) LEDGF-dependent activities. The chemical analyses led to the detection of compounds belonging mainly to the phenolic and flavonoid chemical classes. Ellagic acid, flavones, and triterpenoid molecules were identified in leaves. The bark and peels were characterized by the presence of hydrolyzable tannins, such as punicalins and punicalagins, together with ellagic acid. Among the isolated compounds, the hydrolyzable tannins and ellagic acid showed a very high inhibition (IC50 values ranging from 0.12 to 1.4 µM and 0.065 to 0.09 µM of the RNase H and IN activities, respectively). Of the flavonoids, luteolin and apigenin were found to be able to inhibit RNase H and IN functions (IC50 values in the 3.7–22 μM range), whereas luteolin 7-O-glucoside showed selective activity for HIV-1 IN. In contrast, betulinic acid, ursolic acid, and oleanolic acid were selective for the HIV-1 RNase H activity. Our results strongly support the potential of non-edible P. granatum organs as a valuable source of anti-HIV-1 compounds.

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Section: Anti-hiv-1 Activity Of Pure Compounds Detected In Pgb Pgl and Pgpsupporting

confidence: 92%

In Vitro Anti-HIV-1 Reverse Transcriptase and Integrase Properties of Punica granatum L. Leaves, Bark, and Peel Extracts and Their Main Compounds

Sanna

Marengo

Acquadro

et al. 2021

Plants

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“…Polyphenols such as punicalagin and ellagic acid are reported to possess potent antiviral activities. In particular, several literatures report ellagic acid as a nontoxic anti‐HIV‐1 RT, PR, and integrase (IN) inhibitors [47–49] . On the other hand, the present study indicated that punicalagin was a better Vpr inhibitor than ellagic acid, suggesting that circularization of ellagic acid with galloyl moieties could enhance the Vpr activity.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 44%

Investigation of HIV‐1 Viral Protein R Inhibitory Activities of Twelve Thai Medicinal Plants and Their Commercially Available Major Constituents

Jaisi

Prema

Madla

et al. 2021

Chemistry & Biodiversity

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Viral protein R (Vpr) is an accessory protein in Human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) and has been suggested as an attractive target for HIV disease treatment. Investigations of the ethanolic extracts of twelve Thai herbs revealed that the extracts of the Punica granatum fruits, the Centella asiatica aerials, the Citrus hystrix fruit peels, the Caesalpinia sappan heartwoods, the Piper betel leaves, the Alpinia galangal rhizomes, the Senna tora seeds, the Zingiber cassumunar rhizomes, the Rhinacanthus nasutus leaves, and the Plumbago indica roots exhibited the anti-Vpr activity in HeLa cells harboring the TREx plasmid encoding full-length Vpr (TREx-HeLa-Vpr cells). Moreover, the investigation of the selected main constituents in Punica granatum, Centella asiatica, A. galangal, and Caesalpinia sappan indicated that punicalagin, asiaticoside, ellagic acid, madecassic acid, madecassoside, zingerone, brazilin, and asiatic acid possessed anti-Vpr activities at the 10 μM concentration. Among the tested extracts and compounds, the extracts from Centella asiatica and Citrus hystrix and the compounds, punicalagin and asiaticoside, showed the most potent anti-Vpr activities without any cytotoxicity, respectively.

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“…Combined, these bacteria account for >90% of the cases of uncomplicated UTIs, highlighting their importance to those studies [11]. However, for these pathogens, we were only able to locate a single study that tested South African plants against S. saprophyticus [74], and future studies screening plants against this bacterium are required. Furthermore, other bacterial species are also responsible for a significant proportion of UTIs.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Both of those studies screened a larger panel of South African medicinal plants than listed here, and only those plant species with appreciable activity are reported herein. Notably, we were only able to find reports of S. saprophyticus inhibitory activity for two closely related South African plants of the genus Alchornea (A. cordifolia and A. laxiflora) [74]. As this bacterium is responsible for approximately 6% of uncomplicated UTIs, screening of South African plants for this bacterium is a priority for future studies.…”

Section: Scientific Studies On the Effects Of Southern African Plantsmentioning

confidence: 96%

A Review of Plant-Based Therapies for the Treatment of Urinary Tract Infections in Traditional Southern African Medicine

Cock

Mavuso

Vuuren

2021

Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine

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Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are amongst the most common bacterial infections globally, with ∼11% of the world’s population contracting at least one infection annually. Several South African plants are used in traditional healing systems to treat UTIs, yet the therapeutic potential of these plants against bacteria that cause UTI remains poorly explored. This study documents southern African plant species used traditionally to treat UTIs. An extensive literature review was undertaken to document the southern African plant species that are used in traditional South African medicine to treat UTIs, thereby highlighting gaps in the current research that require further study. One hundred and fifty-three southern African plant species that are used to treat UTIs were identified. Eighty-five southern African plants were identified as having noteworthy inhibitory activity against the major UTI-causing bacteria. Few of those studies screened against all of the bacterial causes of UTIs, and none of those studies examined the mechanism of action of the plant preparations. Furthermore, many of those studies did not test the toxicity of the plant extracts, so an evaluation of the safety for therapeutic usage was lacking. Substantial further research is to determine their potential for therapeutic use.

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Biological activity of plant extracts and isolated compounds from Alchornea laxiflora: Anti-HIV, antibacterial and cytotoxicity evaluation

Cited by 20 publications

References 15 publications

In Vitro Anti-HIV-1 Reverse Transcriptase and Integrase Properties of Punica granatum L. Leaves, Bark, and Peel Extracts and Their Main Compounds

In Vitro Anti-HIV-1 Reverse Transcriptase and Integrase Properties of Punica granatum L. Leaves, Bark, and Peel Extracts and Their Main Compounds

Investigation of HIV‐1 Viral Protein R Inhibitory Activities of Twelve Thai Medicinal Plants and Their Commercially Available Major Constituents

A Review of Plant-Based Therapies for the Treatment of Urinary Tract Infections in Traditional Southern African Medicine

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